128 INDIANS OF TIIK SOUTHW KST. 



valleys and to the various scattered bands in western 

 Oregon and northwestern California. They are known 

 as the Apache, the Lipan, and the Navajo. The former 

 name was widely applied by both the Spanish and the 

 Americans who succeeded them and was used for 

 several distinct tribes. In the northeast, are the 

 Jicarilla Apache who are again divided into two bands, 

 one of which, the Llanero, lived on the headwaters of 

 the Canadian River and in the mountains l^etween 

 that stream and the Rio Grande. The Ollero lived 

 west of the Rio Grande especially along the Chama 

 River. 



In the mountains between the Rio Pecos and the Rio 

 Grande south of White Mountain were the Mescalero 

 Apache. They consisted of many bands, each of 

 which claimed a rather definite locality as its home. 

 The territory occupied by them extended southward to 

 the mouth of the Pecos but the bands in the lower 

 part of this region were less closely allied to the Mesca- 

 lero proper in political feeling and there was a slight 

 difference in dialect. West of the Rio Grande in the 

 A'alley of the Mimbres was an Apache tribe now nearly 

 extinct. They formerly were called the ^limbrefios 

 but are better known from their great war leader, 

 ^'ictorio. When he was defeated a part of his band 

 joined the Mescalero and others united with the tribes 

 west of them. The Apache living on the headwaters 

 of the Gila River are known as the Chiricahua. This 

 tribe really consisted of four almost independent bands, 

 each with a chief. These are the Indians who have 



