170 INDIANS OF THK SOI ' HI WKS 1. 



each ji;()ing to the goal of tlie other. During the night 

 and tlie early morning, ceremonies are held in the 

 booths, a sand painting is made, the racers are painted, 

 and prayers are said for them by priests. About noon 

 the relay race takes place, practically under the same 

 conditions and in the same manner as has already been 

 described for Taos. 



The Jicarilla have a healing ceremony held at the 

 request of someone who is ill. A large place is en- 

 closed by a brush fence. At one end of this a tipi is 

 fixed or a booth is made. Within this a sand painting 

 is drawn representing many animals. A buffalo skin 

 is stretched over a pit and beaten like a drum, the 

 moccasins of the patient being used for drumsticks. 

 The shoulder blade of a deer or antelope is rubbed over 

 a notched stick producing considerable noise. Rattles 

 are also used as an accompaniment to loud singing. 

 This singing and noise is intended to scare away the 

 evil influence which has resulted from the patient's 

 having crossed the tracks of a bear or rattlesnake. 

 Within the brush enclosure a dance is held at night. 

 I\Ien painted in two styles and decorated with fir 

 boughs come in and perform many seeming miracles 

 such as making corn increase in a pot, and taking 

 rabbits from a seeixiingl}^ empty vessel. These two 

 sets of dancers probably correspond to the Cuirana 

 and the Koshare of the Rio Grande pueblos. The 

 Ute hold a ceremony similar to this each spring known 

 as the bear dance. 



The Xa\'ajo have developed many elaborate cere- 



