178 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 



Clraiulc Pueblos j^enerally have nioderateh' broad 

 heads. Only the Apache, the Havasupai, and the 

 Walapai have heads which are exceedingly broad as 

 compared with their lengths. 



When various physical characteristics are compared, 

 it appears that the Navajo and Hopi closely resemble 

 each other in bodily form, and that the Apache, Wala- 

 pai, and Havasupai are similar. Too little is known of 

 surrounding tribes to warrant any conclusion as to 

 relationship outside of the area. 



The languages of the Indians of North America have 

 proved a most convenient and definite means of classifi- 

 cation. There have been found to exist related 

 languages spoken over large areas. The Algonkin is, 

 or was, spoken in much of the eastern portion of North 

 America and by several large tribes living at the eastern 

 base of the Rocky Mountains. On the Pacific Coast, 

 on the other hand, there are many languages unrelated 

 to each other, or to any other known languages. Two 

 languages are considered related when the}" have more 

 words or word elements in common than can be ex- 

 plained as the results of borrowing or accident. 



In the matter of language nothing can be said con- 

 cerning the prehistoric peoples. The}' did not ha\'e a 

 phonetic method of recording language but were onh' 

 able to represent an object by carving its shape on the 

 face of a cliff. We are therefore unable to determine 

 their relationship to existing linguistic groups. .Vmong 

 the Pueblos, we have four linguistic stocks. The Hopi 

 alone speak a language which is represented elsewhere. 



