INSECTS AND DISEASE 
3. Protection of Human Discharges from Access of Flies 
The measures suggested above will greatly reduce the numbers 
of flies but, as a rule, will not do away with them entirely. It is, 
therefore, always essential to take precautions against the spread of 
specific human diseases by guarding intestinal discharges from the 
access of flies. Outside closets, where they cannot be replaced by a 
cesspool or sewer system, should always be carefully constructed so 
as to exclude insects, all openings for ventilation screened, and cracks 
in walls or openings below the floor level tightly closed. In the 
army, the construction of fly-proof latrines is a first essential of camp 
sanitation. 
4. Exclusion of Flies from Houses and from Access to Food. 
Finally, flies should be excluded from dwellings by careful 
screening of doors and windows. Screens must be always in place 
and must fit tightly. In particular, the kitchen and the dining room 
should be protected in this way. 
The covering of foods in stores and restaurants is one of the 
most important aspects of the campaign for clean and pure foods, and 
it is wise to avoid all such places where flies are abundant and food 
unprotected. 
