AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS 

there are certain very important species. Culex quinquefasciatus, 
also known as fatigans, extends as far north as Washington and St. 
Louis, its larvae replacing the northern p/piens in the rain-barrels. 
In both species the eggs are laid in boat-shaped masses floating on 
the surface of the water. The wings of both species are clear and 
both species have white cross-bands on the abdomen; these abdominal 
bands are joined to lateral spots in pipiens but separated from the 
lateral spots in quinquefasciatus. 
Aédes calopus, formerly called Stegomyia fasciata, the Yellow- 
fever Mosquito, is frequently carried by vessels into temperate regions 
but it has not succeeded in establishing itself there. The adult flies 
by day instead of by night. Aédes is a genus which is separated from 
Culex by characters rather difficult for the layman to make out. 
Some of our common salt-marsh mosquitoes are now put in this 
genus. The following list of characters will probably differentiate 
calopus from anything with which it is likely to be confused; the 
claws on the front and middle feet of the female are toothed; the 
joints of the black feet are white-ringed, but at the bases only; the 
beak of the female is not white-ringed; the thorax is not markedly 
paler than the abdomen and bears silvery-white lines in the pattern 
of a lyre, but no median white line; the abdomen has distinct, 
segmental white bands which are continuous across the abdomen; the 
wing-scales are narrow and mostly brown. 
Howard and others, in their report on mosquitoes published by 
the Carnegie Institution, say concerning ca/opus: ‘““Under natural 
conditions the eggs are laid singly in small irregular groups some 
distance above the margin of the water..... The larve live in 
accumulations of water in artificial receptacles. From being origi- 
nally a tree-hole-inhabiting species, it is now wholly domesticated, 
and its larva inhabits artificial accumulations of water either within 
houses or in the vicinity of human habitations. Occasionally the 
larve occur in holes in trees, but always in proximity to habitations. 
Goeldi has found the larve in water held by bromeliads, presumably 
near houses, and by the still folded leaves of banana plants. In the 
tropics the earthen jars in which drinking water is kept within 
dwellings are favorite breeding-places; the larve have the habit of 
keeping to the bottom, and, as these jars are never emptied, their 
presence is not even suspected. Water may be poured from the 
small earthen bottles used in hotels in the tropics, and, unless the 
bottle is quickly and completely emptied, the larve will remain 
34 
