12 HALL OF THE AGE OF MAN 
brown- or fair-haired, hunters of the 7] 
stag, living along the southern shores 
of the Bales in the earliest stage of the rei | 
New Stone age, a stage known as the 
Campignian from remains of huts and c 
rudely polished stone implements found ‘ 
near Campigny in France. The scene m 4 
is on the border of one of the northern ssi ins, 
beech forests and represents the return 
from the hunt. After the ardor of the 
chase the hunters have thrown off their 
fur garments. The chieftain in the 
center is partly clad in furs; in the 
coming winter season he will be wholly 
fur-clad. His son, a fair-haired youth 
with a necklace of bear claws, grasps a 
bow and arrow and holds in leash a 
wolf dog, ancestor of the modern sheep 
dog of northern France. The hunters, 
with spears tipped with stone heads, 
are resting from the chase. ‘T'wo ves- 
sels of pottery indicate the introduc- 
tion of the new ceramic art, accom- 
panied by crude ornamentation. 
This race was courageous, warlike, 
hardy, but of a lower intelligence and 
artistic order than the Cré-Magnons; 
it was chiefly concerned, in a rigorous 
northern climate, with the struggle for 
existence, in which the qualities of en- 
durance, tribal loyalty, and the rudi- 
ments of family life were being culti- 
vated. Rude huts take the place of 
caverns and shelters, which are now 
mostly abandoned. 
These were tall men with high, nar- 
row skulls, related to the existing 
Nordic race, more powerful in build 
than the people of the Swiss Lake 
Dwellings. Skulls and skeletons repre- 
| sentative of this hardy northern type 
| are abundantly known in Scandinavia, 
. but have not found their way to our 
. American Museum collections as yet. 
| 
The Great Mammals Hunted by Man 
The hall of the Age of Man is 
planned to contain four chief collec- 
tions of the mammals of the world dur- 
ing the period of the Age of Man. 
In Europe man hunted the reindeer, 
the wild horses and cattle, and the 
mammoth. He used the hide of the 
reindeer for clothing, the flesh and 
marrow for food. He carved the ivory 
tusks of the mammoth. The mam- 
moth, the northern, hairy type of ele- 
phant known to early explorers of 
fossil remains, was foremost among 
the great mammals hunted by man. — 
The whole history of this proboscidean 
order is shown in the hall of the Age 
of Man. 
The evolution of the proboscideans 
culminates in the mastodons and mam- 
moths. This is one of the romances 
of evolution quite equal in interest to 
the evolution of the horse. This collec- 
tion is by far the most complete in 
existence; it contains as much in the 
way of complete skeletons as those in 
all the other museums of the world 
combined. The early stages in the 
evolution of the proboscideans, begin- 
ning with the Paleomastodon discov- 
ered in the Faytim region of northern 
Africa, carry us back into times far 
antecedent to the Age of Man, namely, 
into an early period of the Age of Mam- 
mals, the Oligocene. It has been 
deemed wise to collect here the entire 
history of the evolution of the probos- 
cideans, which taken altogether is the 
most majestic line of evolution that has 
thus far been discovered. 
Murals of the Four Seasons in the 
Glacial Epoch 
The four great murals just com- 
pleted on the north walls of the hall of 
the Age of Man represent scenes dur- 
ing the four seasons of the year near 
the close of the Glacial epoch in the 
Northern Hemisphere. 
These four seasons belong in the 
same period of geologic time, namely, 
the final glacial stage, the period of 
the maximum advance of the glaciers 
over the entire Northern Hemisphere, 
of the most intense cold, and of the 
farthest southward extension of the 
northern types of mammals. This is 
