20 AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS 



latter type is comparatively scarce, as the former, being more easily and 

 quickly made, was just as useful to the savage. The modern Cree and 

 Ojibway, residing in the forests north of the Great Lakes, still use pebbles 

 for this purpose, but those observed by the writer were not notched or worked 

 in any way. Occasionally, sinkers notched on both axes arc found in this 

 region. 



Hoes. These arc usually ovoid implements, chipped from trap rock and 

 sometimes notched to facilitate hafting, and sometimes not. They usually 

 show a slight polish on the blade, caused by friction with the ground. This 

 stone type of hoc is the form mentioned by early writers; but perhaps hoes of 

 shell, bone or tortoise shell, and wood were used also. None of these, 

 however, are still in existence. 



Hand Choppers. Pebbles chipped to an edge on one side, for use as 

 hand choppers, occur. These are occasionally pitted on both sides. 



Grooved Axes (Fig. 12). For the purposes of this paper, the writer, 

 while aware that many grooved axes are well made and polished, has 

 decided to include them under the head of "Rough Stone Articles," as by 

 far the greater majority of the grooved axes and celts from this region lack 

 the polish and finish belonging to other articles later to be described. 

 Grooved axes are of two sorts: a, those made of simple pebbles, merely 

 modified by grooving and chipping or pecking an edge; and l>, axes which 

 have been pecked and worked all over and sometimes polished. The latter 

 (I/) may be said to include: 



1. Groove encircling three sides of blade, one side flat. 



2. Ridged groove encircling three sides of blade, one side fiat. 



3. Groove encircling three sides of blade, longitudinal groove on flat side. 



4. Groove encircling three sides of blade, longitudinal groove on flat 



side and opposite. 



5. Groove encircling blade. 



G. Ridged groove encircling blade. 



A seventh type, having a double groove encircling the blade, may occur 

 in this territory, but has never been reported. A specimen from the Hudson 

 River region, just north of the area here dwelt upon, is in the Henry Booth 

 collection in this Museum. While most worked stone axes have been pecked 

 into shape, a few have been fashioned by chipping, but these seem to lie rare. 



Grooved axes were halted in various ways. During the summer of L908, 

 the eastern Cree living in the vicinity of die southern end of Hudson Ray 

 told the writer that their ancestors, who made and used such axes, Imftcd 

 them by splitting a stick and setting the blade in it, then binding the handle 

 together with deerskin (probably rawhide) above and below the split. No 

 specimens of the grooved axe in the original haft seem now to lie extant 



