ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION 



Graham Land. He discovered two active volcanoes near 

 6 5 ° S. 



The Jason subsequently was renamed the Stella Polare 

 and carried the Duke of the Abruzzi's Arctic expedition to 

 Franz Josef Land, whence Captain Cagni, in 1900, made 

 the nearest approach to the North Pole that had been ac- 

 complished up to that time. 



LEONARD KRISTENSEN, 1894-1895 



Antarctic 



[The course is not indicated.] 



In November, 1894, the steam sealer and whaler Ant- 

 arctic, under Leonard Kristensen, sailed south from New 

 Zealand with C. E. Borchgrevink, who took passage as a 

 common sailor, and entered Ross Sea. The Antarctic 

 followed, in part, the course taken fifty-five years before 

 by Ross. The party landed on Possession Island and dis- 

 covered a lichen — the first evidence of terrestrial plant life 

 obtained within the Antarctic Circle. A few days later the 

 first landing on the Antarctic Continent was made at Cape 

 Adare. As whales of commercial value were not found, the 

 Antarctic returned. 



ADRIEN deGERLACHE, 1898-1899 



Belgica 

 [The course is indicated by red, yellow and black bands.] 



Belgium now entered the field of Antarctic work. 

 Adrien de Gerlache, a lieutenant in the Belgian navy, left 

 Tierra del Fuego on the Belgica in January, 1898, with sev- 

 eral scientists and with Dr. F. A. Cook of Brooklyn as ship's 

 surgeon. The Belgians ran the first line of soundings from 

 Cape Horn to the South Shetlands. The naturalists made 



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