AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS 



many landings, taking photographs and collecting natural 

 history specimens from the shores of Palmer and Graham 

 Lands. In their zeal to explore still farther south, they 

 were caught in the ice at j\° 30' S., and were the first 

 explorers to pass the winter within the Antarctic Circle. 



ADALBERT KRECH, 1898-1899 



/ aid i via 



[The course is indicated by diagonal red, white and black 



bands.] 



The Valdivia, of the Hamburg-American Line, com- 

 manded by Adalbert Krech, was carefully fitted out for 

 scientific work by Professor Chun of Leipzig. Her first 

 important problem was to determine the existence or non- 

 existence of Bouvet Island, which had been sought in vain 

 by Cook, Ross and Moore, and had not been seen for seventy- 

 five years. It was found 54 ° 26' S., 3 24' E. The Val- 

 divia then proceeded towards Enderby Land, and thence 

 to Kerguelen Island, making important soundings and 

 dredgings. 



C. E. BORCHGREVINK, 1899-1900 



Southern Cross 



[The course is indicated by red, alternately narrow and broad, 



and white bands.] 



In February, 1899, C. E. Borchgrevink, a member of 

 Kristensen's expedition of 1894, determined to spend the 

 winter in the Antarctic and again crossed the Circle — this 

 time not as a sailor, but in command of an English expe- 

 dition. He landed with his party of ten on Victoria Land, 

 near Cape Adare, and bade adieu to his vessel, the Southern 

 Cross, which sailed for warmer latitudes, to return at the 

 close of the Antarctic winter. The unhappy members of the 



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