TREES AND FORESTRY 



17 



Ugmgi 



FIG. II. ONE METHOD OF OU A RTE R-S A W I NG 



Quartered boards warp and split less than 

 tangential cuts of lumber because cut in the 

 direction of the pith rays. Compare with Figs. 

 13, IS and 20 



COMMON METHOD OF 

 SAWI NG TIMBER 



No quartered lumber results, 

 with the exception of a few boards 

 in the middle. There is waste in 

 any method of sawing but char- 

 coal blast furnaces and chemical 

 plants may convert bark, limbs, 

 edgings and even sawdust into 

 some valuable product 



Radial Cut 



Tangential Cut 



RADIAL AND TANGENTIAL CUTS OF LUMBER 



Boards cut from the central part of a log (and so at right angles to the wood 

 rings and in the direction of the pith rays) produce radial, rift, or quartered lumber; 

 other boards (tangent and oblique to the wood rings and more or less at right angles 

 to the pith rays) give tangential, common, or bastard ruts of lumber. Compare 

 with Figs. 11 and 20 



FIG. 14. BIRD'S EYE MAPLE 



Occasionally there is a tree in which the wood cylinders have fluted wall--. Cut- 

 ting through these fluted walls produces the " bird's eye " marks on the boards 



