TREES AND FORESTRY 



S9 



FIG. 61. WHITE ELM TWIGS 



Some results of a gray squirrel's pruning. He bit off the twigs and ate the flower 

 buds. In the spring the tree seemed in as full leaf as its neighbors 



Yellow Birch {Betvla lutea Michx.). The 

 twigs of yellow birch are less aromatic than 

 those of black birch. The buds are sharp- 

 pointed, light chestnut brown and about one- 

 fourth inch long. The bark is yellow and 

 separates into thin pieces (Fig. <>(j). 

 5. American or White Elm ( Uhwus americana L.). 

 The twigs of the white elm (Fig. 01) are difficult of 

 recognition. They are smooth and dark-colored, 

 almost lacking 'the white spots so conspicuous on 

 many twigs. The small brown buds are scaly and 

 pointed. The alternate branches are given off at 

 right and left in a horizontal plane, are about equal 

 in length, and, although they are not quite at right 

 angles and not opposite like those of red maple, 

 nevertheless at first glance they give the appearance 

 of a miniature telegraph pole with cross-bars; sprays 

 of this character are conspicuous near the top of the 

 tree. The white elm is easily recognized in winter 

 by the vase shape of the tree and the delicacy of the 

 spray. 



Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva Michx.) can be 

 distinguished from the white elm by the large 



V00D size and downy character of its buds and by 



Smooth and brown . .. . ' . . , 



, . . , ,. .... its mucilaginous inner bark. 



twigs with iat reddish ° 



brown buds 6. Linden or Basswood (Ttha americana L.). 



