PUEBLO INDIANS 33 



WEST WING 

 Indians of the Southwest 



On the left are collections from the sedentary Indians who occupy 



the pueblos of the Rio Grande and of Hopi, Acoma and 



^^. ° Zuni; and also the objects recovered from the prehistoric 



pueblos, caves, and cliff-dwellings. On the right are the 



nomadic Indians — the Eastern and Western Apache, the Navajo, the 



Pima and the Papago. 



The sedentary Indians live in large conununity houses, often with 

 several receding stories, built of stone or adobe. They depend chiefly 

 upon agriculture for their food, make a great variety of pottery, and have 

 many elaborate religious ceremonies. The nomadic peoples live in tipis 

 or small brush and thatched houses which are moved or deserted when 

 they are forced to seek the wild game antl wild vegetable products which 

 furnish much of their food. They make baskets for household purposes 

 which are more easily transported than vessels of clay. There are 

 models in the hall of the pueblos of Taos and Acoma, of prehistoric 

 cliff-dwellings and of the houses used by the Navajo. In the first 

 alcove on the left is shown the pottery of the villages along the Rio 

 Grande, the principal art of the region, skin clothing, household utensils 

 and ceremonial objects. 



The upright cases of the next alcove are filled with wonderful pre- 

 historic pottery. That in the wall case is from Puel)lo Bonito. Similar 

 gray and white ware with very elaborate and splendidly executed 

 designs in an adjoining case are from Rio Tularosa, one of the upper 

 tributaries of the Gila, where a vanished agricultural people once lived 

 in pueblos and cliff-dwellings. A third case has material gathered 

 by the Museum expedition now exploring Galisteo Valley, New Mexico. 

 In the table case and in a case standing in the aisle are shown the wonder- 

 ful art work in turquois, shell, stone and wood of the former inhalii- 

 tants of Chaco Canon. These objects, as well as the pottery from Pueblo 

 Bonito mentioned above, were secured by the Hyde expedition. 



In the next alcove, devoted to the Hopi, are the costumes, masks, 

 images, and placques used in their ceremonies. Besides the well-known 

 snake dance, the various Hopi villages have many interesting ceremonies, 

 many of which are concerned with the rainfall and their crops. 



The inhabitants of Zuni are believed to be the descendants of the first 

 people seen by the Spanish in 1540. Their former villages, many of 

 which now are in ruins, were probably the "Seven Cities of Cibola," for 

 which Coronado was searching at that time. Although they had 



