have a plural form in ' -muii ' if the singular end in a vowel, in 

 '-gurra' if the singular end in a consonant; '-raun' is an abbreviation 

 of 'uiuuda' aUogether, collecf/tvf'Jjj, '-gurra' is probably derived from 

 'garro^ ayain. 'Migalya' is the plural of 'migal' a tear. The 

 coniprtiati\e of adjectives is formed by reduplication, the superla- 

 ti\e by the addition of '-jil' or '-buk.' The pronouns, besides three 

 forms of dual for the three persons, have also a trinal number for 

 the first person. Possessive pronouns are formed from the personal 

 by affixing '-uk,' excepting in the second person singular. This 

 -uk as a sign of possession unites the eastern and western languages. 

 This affix effects the same result in compound expressions, where 

 however it sometimes changes to '-ung.' 



The verb is exceeding simple. The preterite is formed by add- 

 ing '-ga,' the participle present by affixing '-een' or '-ween 'to 

 the present tense with the occasional interposition of a vowel at 

 the junction thus — 



present indicative yugow stand 



preterite yugaga 

 present participle yugoween. 

 The preterite has three forms relating respectively to the immedi- 

 ate past, the sometime past and the remote past. These are 

 distinguished by prefxhuj to the regular preterite the particles 

 ' gori,' 'garum,' 'gora,' respectively.' There are two futures, a 

 IK ;ir and a distant, distinguished by the words 'hoor da.' presently, 

 and 'mela' in the future, which follow generally the infinitive 

 mood, occasionally the present participle, but are not incorporated 

 with tlie verb. The word ' ordak ' signifying to intend, is also 

 affixed to verbs to denote that the action is purposed. There is 

 likewise a past participle which is not specified. There is no 

 phonic mark of number in the verb. The different persons are 

 indicated by employing the pronouns. 



This language favours the combining of words to an almost 

 indefinite extent. The word connnonly employed to give unity to 

 compounds is ' midde ' the ar/ent or agency, and all verbs may be 

 rendered substantive by the addition of this word. For example 

 ' yungar barrang midde ' is the horse, or literally the people-carry- 

 iv'j aprnt^^ ' mungyt barrang midde ' the ' mung-yt ' -yettiny-ayent 

 or stu-kfor hookiny down the Jkmksia cones. 



