ADDISON AND POPE 31 
of things, brought about the great change in garden 
design. They not only cleared away the sculptured 
trees but destroyed splendid, close hedges as well, 
_ throwing open to all eyes, and to all the winds, 
_ gardens that had hitherto been delightfully enclosed 
and secluded. Of Bridgeman there is very little in- 
formation forthcoming, but Loudon tells us ‘‘ He 
banished verdant sculpture and introduced morsels of 
a forest appearance in the gardens at Richmond.” Kent 
was a versatile Yorkshireman, who was successively 
painter, architect and landscape gardener; Claremont, 
Esher, laid out about 1725-1735, was one of his designs. 
He was the friend of Lord Burlington and, even more 
than Bridgeman, he carried into effect the ideas of Pope. 
The great successor to Kent was Brown, who was head 
gardener at Stowe till 1750, and subsequently, after 
being employed by the Duke of Grafton, he was head 
gardener at Hampton Court and Windsor. At this 
time he became very much in request as a landscape 
gardener, and so continued well on towards the end 
of the eighteenth century. His sympathy with Topiary 
may be gathered from the remark made by Sir Wm. 
Chambers in 1772, that ‘‘ unless the mania were not 
checked, in a few years longer there would not be 
found three trees in a line from Land’s End to the 
Tweed.” In the course of about fifty years, from 1740 
to 1790, the gardens of England, with a few exceptions, 
were completely altered, and the style that had been 
in vogue for full one hundred and fifty years was 
almost wholly obliterated. Later designers added 
many improvements, and a more graceful style suc- 
ceeded that of Kent and Brown, but Topiary as a part 
of garden design was practically non-existent for about a 
hundred years. Then commenced the modern revival 
of the Art. 
