66 THE BOOK OF TOPIARY 
good specimens, notably a lion and crown, the Howard 
crest, that we have got in the garden here at Levens. 
‘Then there are the various other shapes that are to be 
found in the old Topiary gardens, such as barristers’ 
wigs, Indian wigwams, summer-houses, helmets, busbys, 
bottles of almost any description or size, umbrellas, hats 
or spirals of various forms. These may be either trained 
as single trees, or formed into arches. Among the 
newer shapes that I have seen, which have recently 
been introduced into the Topiary art, are yachts, boats, 
jugs, etc. The different sizes and shapes of jugs are so 
varied, that any person who fancies the training of them 
in his garden need not lack variety of form, and they 
are shapes that are, comparatively speaking, very easy to 
train. ‘There are also a great many very pretty shapes 
that can be formed out of the yew or the boxwood tree 
without being intended to represent anything in par- 
ticular, further than that they are trained and shaped 
simply as ornaments to help to add further to the 
embellishment of the garden. 
It is not my intention to try to explain the various 
ways of training all the different shapes I have pointed 
out. That in itself would require a chapter; as the 
different ways of training a yew or any other tree are so 
numerous, to attain what is practically the same end, 
that the person responsible for the work will have to be 
guided greatly by circumstances and according to the 
particular tree he has got to. work upon. In every 
Topiary garden there should be at least four or five 
different arches of various designs. ‘There are very 
few things that are more effective in any garden than a 
few well-trained arches, and in the Topiary garden, if 
they are not more effective than in the modern garden, 
they are at any rate more in keeping with the general 
surroundings of the place. If it has been decided to 
train several arches in the garden, each one should be 
