ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 47 



the field-culture -of a mallow closely resembling the M. rotundifolia ; 

 and M. sylvestris and M. verticillata, are enumerated by Clot-Bey and 

 Figari among the Egyptian esculent plants. 



However, the "malache" described by Theophrastus i. 5, is clearly 

 the hollyhock (Alcea rosea) ; and in this instance also, Greek usage 

 is conformable. — The A. rosea was seen by Sibthorp indigenous on the 

 mountains of Greece. The A. ficifolia (by some considered as only a 

 variety), was also found by Sibthorp indigenous in Greece ; was seen 

 by Hasselquist in Palestine ; and according to Forskal, is cultivated 

 at Cairo for the sake of the leaves, which are esculent and are used in 

 Egyptian cookery. 



The zkoaymos of Hesiod and others, according to Sibthorp's account 

 of the Greek usage, is the Scohjmus Hispanicits. — This plant was seen 

 by Forskal and Delile, growing spontaneously at Cairo and Alexandria, 

 Another species, S. rnaculatus, was seen by Delile near Rosetta ; and 

 by Hasselquist, in Palestine. 



The maza* of Hesiod (Op. 590), Achreus, and Herodotus, so far 

 as the origin of the word is concerned, may be compared with " maseh," 

 the current Egyptian name of the pea-bean, Phaseolus mungo. — This 

 plant is mentioned by Maserjawia, Rhazes, and Avicenna ; is culti- 

 vated in Nubia and Upper Egypt (according to Delile and Clot-Bey); 

 and, as appears from Rabbi Schwarz ii. 2, is well known in Palestine. 



The name of Sheschenk III., the eighth king of the Twenty-Second 

 Egyptian Dynasty, has been found on the monuments ; together with 

 the date of the twenty-ninth year of his reign. 



The two-humped or Bactrian camel (Camelus Bactrianus) is figured 

 on the monuments at Nineveh and Persepolis, on the Etruscan vases 

 (Layard, PL 53 and 55, and Mon. Inediti, PI. 50), and is mentioned 

 by Aristotle. — The two-humped camel is employed in Central Asia, 

 and in the Crimea and the Caucasian countries ; but appears to have 

 always remained unknown in Arabia ; and to have been rarely brought 

 even as a curiosity into Egypt. 



In Egypt, the Narcissus tazetta is called "narjis:" the napkissos 

 of Painphos, the Cyprian Verses, the Hymn to Ceres, Theophrastus, and 

 Pausanias ix. 31, may be compared. — Pliny's description, however, 

 agrees better with the N. poeticus; a species which has not been ob- 

 served in the gardens of Egypt. 



* This name, it will be perceived, has been improperly transferred to the grain culti- 

 vated by the aboriginals of America ; now called " maize " or Indian corn (Zea mays). 



