60 CHRONOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



The anemhnh of Cratinus, and the "phlogion" of Theophrastus and 

 Pliny, may be compared with the species of Adonis. — Horapollo states, 

 that the flower of the " anemone" forms a hieroglyphic character : and 

 the Adonis aestivalis and an indigenous species, were seen by Delile in 

 Egypt ; where, on the other hand, the modern genus Anemone appears 

 to be unknown. 



The MEAiAaTos of Cratinus, Aristotle, and others, is usually referred 

 to the Melilotus officinalis ; and the brief notice by Theophrastus (De 

 Caussis Plant, vi. 22) corresponds. — The M. officinalis was seen by 

 Sibthorp in Greece ; and by Clot-Bey and Figari, in Egypt : and allied 

 species, the M. Messanensis and M. Cretica, were seen by Delile, growing 

 spontaneously at Alexandria, Rosetta, Damietta, and Cairo. 



In "B.C. 465," the accession of Artabanus, the fourth Persian king 

 who ruled Egypt, took place. In the same year, he was succeeded by 

 Artcheschsesch, or Artaxerxes ; whose name in hieroglyphic charac- 

 ters has been found on rocks on the Kosser road ; and on other monu- 

 ments ; together with the date of the sixteenth year of his reign. 



In Yemen, according to Forskal, the Panicum miliaceum is called 

 "mileeh:" the meainh of Sophocles, Herodotus iii. 117, Xenophon 

 (Anab. i. 5, 10), and Harpocration, may be compared. — The P. milia- 

 ceum is a species of millet, described as having a spreading panicle, 

 and said to be sometimes cultivated in Europe. It was seen by Has- 

 selquist in Palestine ; and by Forskal, in Egypt. 



The medicinal tpi<i>yaaon of Sophocles, Euryphon (2 De Morbis 25 

 and 38), Nicander, Dioscorides. and Pliny xxi. 88, is referred by Sib- 

 thorp and others to the Psoralea bituminosa. — This plant has not been 

 found in Egypt ; but an allied species, P. Palcestina, was seen by Delile 

 in a garden at Cairo. 



The akangh of Sophocles (quoted by Plutarch, Disput. de Epicur. 

 19) is clearly a thistle. — Various kinds of thistles have been found in 

 Egypt : as the Onopordum Qrcecum, seen by Sibthorp in Greece and 

 Cyprus ; and by Delile, growing spontaneously at Alexandria. 



Hellanicus (as quoted by Athenaeus xv. 24) speaks of the akangaj 

 aeykai, and meaanai being used for garlands in Egypt. — The Centaurea 

 moschata, seen in gardens at Cairo, is enumerated by Forskal among 

 the coronary plants. 



The famnos of Sophron, Eupolis, Theophrastus, Euphorion, and 

 Macrobius (Saturn, vii. 5), according to the received opinion and Sib- 

 thorp's account of the Greek usage, is the Lycium Europoeum. — This 



