16 CHRONOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



unrolled in a mummy at London, and in another at Boston ; the latter, 

 belonging to the time of the Twenty-Second Dynasty. 



The ovals of three other kings, bearing the name of Nentef, have 

 been found in the same series of tombs at Gurna. 



IV. THE HYKSOS PERIOD. 



The name of Amenemha, the first king of the Twelfth Dynasty, has 

 been found on a stela (now in the Museum at Paris) ; together with 

 the date of the eighth year of his reign. 



The name of Sesurtesen, the second king of the Twelfth Dynasty, 

 has been found on monuments throughout Egypt and Nubia ; together 

 with various dates, the latest of which is in the forty-third year of his 

 reign. He appears to have first erected obelisks; thereby introducing 

 a marked change in monumental history. — Obelisks bear inscriptions 

 dedicating an adjoining temple. They were placed only in the royal 

 or dynastic cities ; the same that in the Egyptian Tables of Chrono- 

 logy, seem to be designated by their tutelar deities ; as Memphis, by 

 Pthah or Vulcan ; Heliopolis, by Ra ; Elephantine, by Num or 

 Agathoda?mon ; Crocodilopolis, by Seb or Saturn ; Abydos, by Osiris ; 

 Tanis, by Typhon ; Thebes, perhaps by Horus; and it is known, that 

 Sais once possessed obelisks. 



Obelisks erected by Sesurtesen, still remain at Crocodilopolis (in the 

 Faium) and at Heliopolis. The one at Heliopolis is not of sienite, but 

 of granite proper ; and the place from which it was transported, remains 

 unascertained. A fragment of a colossal statue of Sesurtesen, in " black 

 granite," is now in the Museum at Berlin. 



The most ancient temple hitherto discovered, is situated in Nubia, at 

 the Second Cataract of the Nile, and w T as built by Sesurtesen. His 

 portrait has been discovered near the sanctuary, in a stela, or stone 

 slab, recording the conquest of Nubian and Lybian tribes. He also 

 founded the temple at Karnak, in Thebes. 



The tomb of one of his military chieftains, in the series at Benihassan, 

 is conspicuous by the columns at the entrance. — The same supposed to 

 have furnished the Greeks with the idea of the Doric architecture. 



The name of Amenemha II., the third king of the Twelfth Dynasty, 

 has been found on the monuments ; together with various dates, the 

 latest of which is in the thirty-fifth year of his reign. 



The remaining tombs at Benihassan were also excavated during the 



