ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 9 



A long-horned variety, which occurs on the monuments as late as the 

 Twelfth Dynasty. A hornless variety is figured under the Fourth 

 Dynasty (Lepsius II. PI. 9 and 22) : and at Benihassan, the bullock is 

 represented in the. state of secondary wildness ; parti-coloured indi- 

 viduals being associated with other game in the hunting scenes. 



The donltey is figured in the same tomb (Lepsius II. PL 5) . — Droves 

 of donkeys are figured under the Fourth Dynasty; and under the 

 Fifth, the animal is caparisoned as a beast of burden. 



A figure in the same tomb (Lepsius II. PL 5), is perhaps intended 

 for the -pig. — I found no figure of the pig at Benihassan, nor on any 

 monument prior to the time of the Seventeenth Dynasty. In a tomb 

 at El Kab, a drove is made to subserve agricultural purposes in the 

 peculiar manner described by Herodotus ii. 14 ; while goats are thus 

 employed on the anterior monuments. 



Various kinds of vases are figured in the same tomb (Lepsius II. 

 PL 5) ; evidently of earthenware or 'pottery. — The details of the art 

 of making pottery are represented at Benihassan, under the Twelfth 

 Dynasty. 



The hieroglyphic sign of the branch of a tree for rowing, occurs in 

 the same tomb (Lepsius II. PL 5) ; and indicates, that rafts of earthen 

 jars were floated down the Nile, in the same manner as at the present 

 day. — This use of branches for rowing, is supposed to be the origin 

 of the Latin word " ramus." 



The name of King Schafra, of the Fourth Dynasty, has been found 

 in tombs constructed during his reign at Gizeh. He is usually consi- 

 dered to be the builder of the Middle Pyramid at this place ; but the 

 point is not definitively settled. 



Herds of the domestic goat are figured in these tombs (Lepsius II. 

 PL 9) ; and the variety or breed, presents nothing unusual in its as- 

 pect. — Representations of the goat are of frequent occurrence on the 

 subsequent monuments. 



A priest clad in a leopard skin is figured in one of the same tombs 

 (Lepsius II. PL 9) ; and similar representations occur at a somewhat 

 later date (PL 21). The skins were doubtless brought from a dis- 

 tance. — Indeed, leopard skins still form an article of traffic at Mocha. 



The dog-faced ape (Cynocephalus) is figured in one of these tombs 

 (Lepsius II. PL 13) ; doubtless brought down the Nile from Abyssinia 

 or from Central Africa. — The cynocephalus is again figured at Beni- 

 hassan ; and from the time of the Seventeenth Dynasty, is found to be 



