ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 5 



Checkered Nubian baskets are figured on the Washington mummy- 

 case. — The wooden Nubian neck-pillow is figured under the Third 

 Dynasty (Lepsius II. PI. 4) ; and Nubians themselves, as early, at 

 least, as the Fourth (Lepsius II. PI. 19). Nubians are also figured at 

 Benihassan under the Twelfth Dynasty (Champollion PI. 395). 



The hieroglyphic sign of the flag-shaped fan occurs on the Wash- 

 ington mummy-case ; and at the present day, these fans are made of 

 the leaves of the Down palm (Hyphame crinita) . — The tree is planted 

 at regular intervals in a garden plan of the time of the Seventeenth 

 or Eighteenth Dynasty (Champollion-Figeac PL 55). 



The Washington mummy-case is composed of layers of linen. — 

 White garments are figured under the Third and Fourth Dynasties 

 (Lepsius II. PI. 4 and 19) ; and on all the subsequent monuments, 

 form a distinguishing mark of the Egyptians. The process of spinning 

 and weaving is represented under the Twelfth Dynasty at Benihas- 

 san. The flax (Linum usitatissimum) is properly a northern plant; 

 but I found it cultivated throughout the Arab countries to the Dekkan 

 inclusive. 



The Washington mummy-case is coated with chunam, or fine, 

 smooth plaster; a material which has been in common use in Egypt 

 throughout all monumental history. 



According to Manetho, Men'es led an army beyond the limits of 

 Egypt, and became renowned. — Wilkinson states (Thebes and Egypt, 

 p. 341), that the canal Bahr Yusef is sometimes called "El Menhi or 

 Menhee," apparently from Menes. If the derivation is correct, this 

 will form a remarkable instance of permanence in a name. Com- 

 pare Herodotus ii. 99. 



According to Manetho, Athothis, the second king of Egypt, was of 

 the Medical Profession, and wrote on Anatomy. — Clemens Alexandri- 

 nus states, that six of the Sacred Books of the Egyptians treated of 

 Medicine ; and Herodotus speaks of the skill and high reputation of 

 the Egyptian physicians. 



As the art of medicine was practised, it seems probable, that the 

 traffic in drugs was also in existence. — Egypt has always been the 

 centre of this traffic ; and Homer, the earliest Greek writer, pointedly 

 alludes to " the drugs of Egypt." 



The traffic in -perfumes and valuable gums would naturally be 

 united with that in drugs. — Direct evidence of its existence under the 



