78 CHRONOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



Dioscorides, is the plant which yields opopanax. — This gum is known 

 to be the product of the Opopanax chironium ; and, as appears from 

 Rhazes, Avicenna, Alpinus, and Forskal, is imported and used medi- 

 cinally in Egypt. 



The ZTAtfTMNoz Arnos of Theophrastus ix. 15, is referred by 

 Sprengel to the Am/mi visnaga. — This plant was seen by Sibthorp in 

 the Grecian Archipelago ; by Hasselquist, on Lebanon ; and by Delile 

 and others, growing spontaneously at Alexandria. According to Al- 

 pinus, the seeds are used medicinally in Egypt. 



The aatkos kphtikos of Theophrastus, Celsus, Petronius Diodotus, 

 Dioscorides, and Pliny, according to the received opinion, is the Atha- 

 mantha Oretensis. — Alpinus iv. 7, speaks of the medicinal use in Egypt 

 of "daucum" seeds imported from Crete. 



The ©hat<donon called also sKormoN, of Theophrastus ix. 19, accord- 

 ing to the description of the root, would seem to be the Arnica 

 scorpioides ; an indigenous plant of Parnassus and other mountain dis- 

 tricts of Europe. Greek usage, however, points to the Doronicum 

 pardalianches, an allied plant, also indigenous on the mountains of 

 Greece. — Forskal (Mat. Med.) speaks of the medicinal use in Egypt 

 of imported " doronicum " root. 



The ABroTONON of Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Pliny, is usually 

 referred to the southern-wood, Artemisia abrotanum. — This plant was 

 seen by Delile in gardens at Alexandria. 



The nANAE xeiphneion of Theophrastus, is referred by Apuleius Barr 

 barus to the elecampane (Inula helenium). — Horace is said to have 

 first taught the art of cooking this plant ; and roots prepared for the 

 table, were seen by Belon at Constantinople. The Arab writers speak 

 of the medicinal uses j but the living plant appears to have remained 

 unknown in Egypt. 



The AKoros of Theophrastus, Celsus, Dioscorides, and Galen, accord- 

 ing to the received opinion and Sibthorp's account of the Greek usage, 

 is the Acorus calamus. — The living plant is unknown in Egypt ; but 

 the imported root, according to Alpinus, forms one of the ingredients 

 of the Egyptian theriac. 



The E<i>HMEroN of Theophrastus and others, referred by Dioscorides 

 to the " kolchikon," according to the received opinion and Sibthorp's 

 account of the Greek usage, is the Colchicum autumnale. — Clot-Bey 

 and Figari, enumerate the C. autumnale among the plants, indigenous 

 or at least long known in Egypt. 



In Egypt, the Glaucium violaceum is called " rigl el-ghorab," or 



