ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 93 



The ma kef of Dioscorides, Pliny, and Paulus iEgineta, according to 

 Alpinus, is a bark brought from Barbary to Egypt ; where it is called 

 "selica seuda," and is confounded with the spice, cassia. I can find 

 no account of a Laurus growing on Mount Atlas ; but several species 

 occur in Madeira and the Canary Islands. 



The capkokoaaa of Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, and Paulus JEgineta, 

 is admitted to be sarcocol. — This gum, according to the Greek Version, 

 is mentioned by Rhazes : its medicinal uses are likewise noticed by 

 other Arab writers. 



The atkion inaikon of Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, Aretaeus, and Paulus 

 iEgineta, is referred by Royle to the concrete juice of Berberis lycium ; 

 a plant growing on the mountains of Northern India. 



The ArAAAOxoN of Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, Paulus ^Egineta, and 

 Isidorus, is usually referred to the Ugn-dloes (the wood of Aloexylon 

 agallochin). — This tree, as appears from Bontius and Loureiro, grows 

 in Sumatra and Cochin China : Alpinus speaks of the medicinal use 

 of the wood in Egypt.* 



In "A. D. 64" (Clinton), the First persecution of the Christians 

 took place : mentioned by Tacitus xv. 44, Suetonius (Ner. c. 16), and 

 Tertullian (Apologet.) 



About "A. D. 65," according to the traditions of the church, Chris- 

 tianity was introduced into Egypt by the Evangelist Mark : who left 

 Annianus, or Annaniah, to watch over the new converts. — The names 

 of the successors of Annianus, are given in an uninterrupted series by 

 Eusebius. 



In " A. D. 68," the accession of Galba, the sixth Roman Emperor, 

 took place. His name occurs on coins issued in Egypt ; and a Greek 

 inscription, dated in his brief reign, has been found at the Great Oasis. 



In "A. D. 69," the accession of Otho, the seventh Roman Emperor, 

 took place. His name occurs on coins issued in Egypt, and has been 

 found in hieroglyphic characters on a propylon at Thebes. He was 

 succeeded by Vitellius; whose name has also been found on coins 

 issued in Egypt. 



* The EAA4>OBOCKON of Dioscorides, Pliny, Aetius, and Paulus iEgineta, is referred 

 by Sibthorp to the parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). — The parsnip is figured by Matthioli, and 

 by Lobel ; but it appears to have remained unknown in Egypt. 



The Al+AKOC of Dioscorides and Pliny, is usually referred to one or more species of 

 Dipsacus : and the " carduus nondum fullonibus aptus " of Serenus Sammonicus, implies 

 a knowledge of the cultivated teazle (D. fullonum). — This plant appears to be unknown 

 in Egypt. 



