ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 97 



In "A. D. 138," the accession of Antoninus Pius, the fifteenth Ro- 

 man Emperor, took place. His name has been found in hieroglyphic 

 characters on temples at Philae, Esneh, Thebes, Dendera, and the 

 Oasis El Kargeh ; and in Greek inscriptions, in various parts of Egypt. 



In "A. D. 152," the first Ecclesiastical Council was held. The 

 meeting took place at Pergamus in Asia Minor ; and the opinions of 

 Colarbas were condemned. 



In " A. D. 161," the accession of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, the 

 sixteenth Roman Emperor, took place. His name has been found in 

 hieroglyphic characters at Philae ; together with that of his colleague, 

 Lucius Verus. 



The meat fly (Musca vomitoria) is distinctly described by Pausanias 

 x. 28. — The insect has become widely distributed over the globe; 

 and in all probability, is known in Egypt. 



The xrrcoBAAANoc of Galen and the "xanthobalanos" of Actuarius 

 and Myrepsus, are referred by F. Adams to the marking-nut, Seme- 

 carpus anacardium. — I found this tree abundant in the Central 

 portion of the Dekkan. 



The ArKonErcioN brought from Egypt to Galen (De Fac. Simpl. iv.), 

 may be compared with the Solatium JEthiopicum. — This plant was 

 seen in Egypt by Delile. 



According to Clinton, Christianity was preached in Britain in 

 A. D. 178: the missionaries came from the East; as appears, from 

 their having taught the original mode of observing Easter. 



In " A. D. 180," the accession of Commodus, the seventeenth Ro- 

 man Emperor, took place. His name has been found in hieroglyphic 

 characters at Esneh, and on a small temple at Contra-Latopolis. 



In "A. D. 193," the accession of Pertinax, the eighteenth Roman 

 Emperor, took place. His name has been found on coins, issued in 

 Egypt during his three months' reign. The name of his successor, 

 Didius Julianus (whose reign was equally brief), has not been found 

 on the Egyptian monuments : but that of Pescennius Niger, an un- 

 successful aspirant in Egypt, has been discovered in hieroglyphic cha- 

 racters by Lepsius. 



In the same year, the accession of Septimius Severus, the twentieth 

 Roman Emperor, took place. His name is said to occur in hierogly- 

 phic characters at Esneh. During his reign, the colossus of the Vocal 

 Memnon was repaired ; and ever afterwards, has remained silent. 



