ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. H7 



Allatafet, according to Egyptian usage, is the Corchorus olitorius, or 

 Jews' mallow. — This plant is mentioned by Forskal, Delile, and Clot- 

 Bey and Figari, as a favourite esculent in Egypt. 



According to F. Adams, bezoars are mentioned by Rhazes, Haly 

 Abbas, Avicenna, Serapion, and Ibn Baitar. — Bontius describes be- 

 zoars as alvine concretions formed in various quadrupeds, among 

 others, in goats, gazelles, and monkeys. 



In " A. D. 908," the accession of Moktader, the eighteenth Abbassid 

 khalif, took place. A coin issued during his reign, is figured by Mar- 

 cel, p. 90. 



According to Abdallatif, " Seeds of the lemon were brought from 

 India in the three hundredth year of the Hejra (A. D. 912), and 

 were sown in Oman." — The lemon (Citrus acida), according to F. 

 Adams, is mentioned by Dhanvantare, and by the Persian medical 

 writers : and a plant discovered in Hindostan, may prove to be the 

 lemon in its wild state. The cultivated lemon was seen by Vertoman 

 in Yemen ; by Alvarez in Abyssinia ; and by Forskal, Delile, and 

 others, in Egypt. 



The plant referred to by Abdallatif is possibly the lime (Citrus 

 limonum) ; which, according to Delile's account of the Egyptian usage, 

 would seem to be the "limun" of Ibn Jamia and Ibn Baitar. — The 

 Citrus limonum was seen by Belon at Cairo ; and is figured by Par- 

 kinson. 



According to Abdallatif, " Seeds of the orange were brought in the 

 same year from India, and were likewise sown in Oman." — The 

 " naranj " of Edrisi and Ibn Baitar, according to Egyptian usage, 

 is the orange (Citrus aurantium). Dhanvantare (as quoted by F. 

 Adams), enumerates the orange among "acid fruits;" and seems 

 therefore to speak of the true Citrus aurantium ; which is not culti- 

 vated in Western Hindostan. Cademosto found the C. aurantium 

 cultivated in Madeira ; and Vertoman met with it in Yemen. 



In "A. D. 929" (Munk), the Pilgrimage to Mecca was interrupted 

 by the sect of the Karmatians. At this time, lines of partition were 

 becoming more and more obvious in the Khalifate or Muslim Empire. 



In "A. D. 932," the accession of Kaher, the nineteenth Abbassid 

 khalif, took place. 



In "A. D. 934," Kaher was deposed; and Radi became the twen- 

 tieth Abbassid khalif. A coin issued during his reign, is figured by 

 Marcel, p. 93. 



