ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. H9 



In "A. D. 950" (Munk), the Pilgrimage to Mecca was again 

 opened. 



The hyssopum of Macer Floridus 45, is referred by Baudet to the 

 Hyssopus officinalis. — This is a Northern plant (figured by Tragus 

 and by Stapel, p. 727), which appears to be unknown in Greece and 

 Syria; according to Clot-Bey and Figari, it has only recently been 

 introduced into Egypt. 



The buglossa of Macer Floridus 34, is referred by Baudet to the 

 Anchusa officinalis. — This is a Northern plant, noticed by Lobel (Nova 

 stirp. adv.) ; not found in Greece ; and according to Clot-Bey and Fi- 

 gari, only recently introduced into Egypt. Forskal (Mat. Med.) speaks 

 of the medicinal use in Egypt of "anchusa" root, procured through 

 Alexandria.* 



On the death of the eunuch Kafur, in " A. D. 968," Abul-Fawaris, 

 the grandson of Ikhschid, a lad of " the age of eleven years," became 

 governor of Egypt (Marcel, p. 97). 



At this time, the Khalifate or United Muslim Empire was virtually 

 at an end. But the spiritual authority of Mothi and his Abbassid 

 successors, continued to be very extensively recognised. 



In " A. D. 969," Moez, hereditary ruler of Barbary and claiming to 

 be the true khalif (by descent from Fatimah), sent an army from the 

 West and obtained the government of Egypt : soon afterwards, his 

 authority was acknowledged in Palestine, Syria, and even in Arabia. 

 A coin issued by him, is figured by Marcel, p. 102. 



In "A. D. 970" (Marcel), the city of El-Kahira or Cairo, was 

 founded by Djauhar Kaid, the general of Moez, for the new seat of 

 government. 



In " A. D. 972" (Munk and Marcel), Moez took up his residence in 

 Egypt. In- the same year, Djauhar Kaid commenced the great mosque 

 and college of El-Azhar, in the northeast quarter of Cairo. — This is 

 still the principal Arab University ; and Marcel found there, students 

 from Morocco, Astrakan, and Hindostan (Egypte Mod. p. 102). 



* The cicuTjE of Macer Floridus 65, is perhaps the Coniurn maculatum. — This 

 plant was seen in Greece by Sibthorp and Bory de St. Vincent ; but appears to have re- 

 mained unknown in Egypt. 



