ON INTRODUCED ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 137 



at Constantinople : the plant referred to, is clearly the celery ; as is the 

 " apium called carass," enumerated by Alpinus among the esculent 

 plants of Egypt. According to Clot-Bey and Figari, the cultivation of 

 celery in Egypt is nearly confined to the Pasha's gardens.* 



According to Piso (pp. 96 and 159), The Carica papaya is mentioned 

 by Ximenes, as cultivated by the aboriginals of Mexico. — The plant, 

 according to Clot-Bey and Figari, has recently been successfully intro- 

 duced into Egypt. 



According to Clusius and Sprengel, The guava (Psidium) is men- 

 tioned by Oviedo (about A. D. 1525). — The plant is noticed by Monar- 

 des hi. 5, as brought from " Tierra Firme ;" is figured by Rheede and 

 Rumphius, as cultivated in Hindostan and Amboyna; and according 

 to Clot-Bey and Figari, has recently been successfully introduced into 

 Egypt.f _ 



According to Sprengel, The Saponaria officinalis is noticed by Ruel- 

 lius, A. D. 1529, and by Fuchsius. — The plant is figured by Lobel ; 

 was seen in Greece by Sibthorp; but according to Clot-Bey and Figari, 

 has only recently been introduced into Egypt. 



According to Pereira, Sarsaparilla (the root of certain species of 

 Smilax) first became known in Europe in A. D. 1530. — Alpinus ascer- 

 tained, that a portion of the sarsaparilla of commerce is really derived 

 from the Mediterranean ; and both he and Forskal (Mat. Med.) speak 

 of the medicinal use in Egypt.J 



* According to Beckmann, buckwheat (Polygonum fagopyrum) is mentioned in a Ger- 

 man Bible, printed in A. D. 1522; or about the time when, according to John Bruye- 

 rinus(who wrote eight years afterwards), the plant was brought from Northern Asia into 

 Europe : the same account of its origin and introduction, is given by Buellius and Conrade 

 Heresbach. — The plant was received by Sibthorp from Constantinople; but appears to 

 have remained unknown in Egypt. 



■{" The "bixa" of Oviedo, is referred by Clusius and others to the arnotto tree (Bixa 

 Orellana). — Arnotto has doubtless been sometimes imported into Egypt; but I have met 

 with no direct evidence of the fact. 



According to Sprengel, The lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis) is described by Jo- 

 hannes Manardus, and by Brunfels i. 211. — The plant is noticed by Fuchsius, Dodonaeus, 

 and Lobel ; was seen in Greece by Sibthorp ; but appears to have remained unknown in 

 Egypt. 



The Viburnum opulus is noticed by Ruellius, Cordus, Tragus, Gesner, Matthioli, 

 Dodonaeus, Thalius, and Tabernaemontanus ; and the cultivated variety, called the snoiv- 

 ball tree, is figured by C. Bauhin. — The plant was seen by Forskal and Sibthorp at Con- 

 stantinople ; but appears to have remained unknown in Greece and Egypt. 



| According to Sprengel, the Viola tricolor, or heart's ease, is figured by Brunfels, A. 

 D. 1532. — The plant is also figured by Fuchsius 803, Dodonseus, Lobel, and Stapel, p. 



35 



