Nos. 455-456] NOTES AND LITERATURE. 



897 



factors to turn into like crime those who may read them." Some 

 of these chapters close with reflections, which, it must be said are in 

 part obvious, in part without special applicability to the cases to 

 which they are attached. 



About half the chapters of the book are devoted to incidents that 

 occurred in the author's experience as chaplain, and to writings by 

 prisoners, in prose and poetry, on religious and other topics, some 

 apparently sincere, others with a suggestion of cant. In religious 

 work for the prisoner results can doubtless be gotten easiest by 

 appeals which recall religious instruction received during childhood. 

 At the same time nothing in a man's work as chaplain forces him lo 

 adapt himself to changes in religious thought in the world at large. 

 It is natural, therefore, that the weight of the religious interest of the 

 author should be, as it is, such as belongs with religious beliefs of a 

 conservative type. 



There is an introduction by Ex-Governor Foster of Ohio. A chap- 

 ter by Professor Krohn of the University of Illinois compares crimi- 

 nals in whom strange combinations of traits are found with cases of 

 double personality, but fails to call attention to some important dif- 



Apparently Dr. Miller is a man who has done earnest and helpful 

 personal work with the criminals placed in his care, but who in his 

 devotion to his own special task has failed to gain the broad acquaint- 

 ance with current thought in criminology and related subjects whic h 

 would be needed for writing a very useful book on the causes and 



ZOOLOGY. 



Fixation of tlie Eggs of the Crab. — Dr. H. Charles Williamson, 

 in the 2 2d Annual Report of the Fishery Board of ScotlanJ. adds < oii- 

 siderably to our knowledge of the life history of the shore crab of 

 Europe, Cancer pagiirus. Possibly the most interesting is his disco\ - 

 ery of the way in which the eggs are fastened to the swimmerets. 

 These, like other eggs, have double envelopes, the outer chorion and 

 the delicate inner vitelline membrane, and between these a small 

 perivitelline space. When the eggs are extruded from the oviducts 

 they pass into the brood chamber between the abdomen and thorax 



