PUEBLO INDIANS 21 
West WING 
INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST 
On the left are collections from the sedentary Indians who occupy 
the pueblos of the Rio Grande and of Hopi, Acoma and 
Seno Zuni; and also the objects recovered from the prehistoric 
pueblos, caves, and cliff-dwellings. On the right are the 
nomadic Indians-—the Eastern and Western Apache, the Navajo, the 
Pima and the Papago. 
The sedentary Indians live in large community houses, often with 
several receding stories, built of stone or adobe. They depend chiefly 
upon agriculture for their food, make a great variety of pottery, and have 
many elaborate religious ceremonies. The nomadic peoples live in tipis 
or small brush and thatched houses which are moved or deserted when 
they are forced to seek the wildgame and wild vegetable products which 
furnish much of their food. They make baskets for household purposes 
which are more easily transported than vessels of clay. There are 
models in the hall of the pueblos of Taos and Acoma, of prehistoric 
cliff-dwellings and of the houses used by the Navajo. In the first 
alcove on the left is shown the pottery of the villages along the Rio 
Grande, the principal art of the region, skin clothing, household utensils 
and ceremonial objects. 
The upright cases of the next alcove are filled with wonderful pre- 
historic pottery. That in the wall case is from Pueblo Bonito. Similar 
gray and white ware with very elaborate and splendidly executed 
designs in an adjoining case are from Rio Tularosa, one of the upper 
tributaries of the Gila, where a vanished agricultural people once lived 
in pueblos and cliff-dwellings. A third case has material gathered 
by the Museum expedition now exploring Galisteo Valley, New Mexico. 
In the table case and in a case standing in the aisle are shown the wonder- 
ful art work in turquois, shell, stone and wood of the former inhabi- 
tants of Chaco Cavon. These objects, as well as the pottery from Pueblo 
Bonito mentioned above, were secured by the Hyde expedition. 
In the next alcove, devoted to the Hopi, are the costumes, masks, 
images, and placques used in their ceremonies. Besides the well-known 
snake dance, the various Hopi villages have many interesting ceremonies, 
many of which are concerned with the rainfall and their crops. 
The inhabitants of Zuni are believed to be the descendants of the first 
people seen by the Spanish in 1540. Their former villages, many of 
which now are in ruins, were probably the “‘Seven Cities of Cibola,”’ for 
which Coronado was searching at that time. Although they had 
