COPPER QUEEN MINE 115 
of years ago, in the geological period known as the Carboniferous, this 
tree grew upon the top of a thick swamp deposit of 
decaying vegetation which ultimately became a most 
valuable bed of coal. The stump was left in the roof of the 
mine when the coal was extracted for commercial and domestic uses. It 
fell to the floor years after the gallery had been abandoned and was 
discovered only through the chance visit of a miner. 
Fossilized 
Tree Stump 
Half way down on the east side is a desk case containing a series 
of rock specimens illustrating the geology of Manhattan 
Geology of wpe: . 
M is Island. This is arranged geographically and shows the 
fainnd more prominent features of local geology from south to 
north. 
The northeastern corner of the hall is devoted to the Copper Queen 
Mine Model and a series of ores and other specimens from 
oD aa the famous Bisbee-Warren copper district in southern 
and Exhibit Arizona. Two models have been prepared as a result of 
several years of extremely painstaking and skillful work. 
A large model, some 18 by 12 feet in dimensions, shows on a scale of 
twenty-four feet to the inch all the surface features and mine and other 
buildings over four of the principal mines (Holbrook, Spray, Gardiner 
and Lowell) belonging to the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Com- 
pany, while a painted background represents the surrounding mountains 
and the town of Bisbee. The sides of the model give vertical sections 
to the depth of about 1,200 feet illustrating the geology of the area and 
showing the general manner of getting out the ore and hunting for new 
deposits. There was produced in about 30 years (1880-1912) from 
the mines at Bisbee belonging to this company 7,729,922 tons of copper 
ore of an average copper content of 7.16%. The metal production in 
this period was 
Copper—1,106,605,774 pounds (553,303 tons) 
Gold —104,775 ounces Troy (8,731 pounds) 
Silver —6,107,421 ounces Troy (508,952 pounds) 
Near the large general model there has been installed a small model on 
a scale of six feet to the inch showing the usual methods of extracting 
the ore by “‘stoping.”’ Drilling, picking, timbering, filling old cavities, 
transporting, raising ore to the surface and other operations are illus- 
trated as well as is practicable on the scale adopted. The shaft is 
equipped with its cages, which are arranged so that they go up and down 
by means of automatic machinery. 
Specimens of ore, minerals and rocks from the mine and the adjacent 
country illustrate the geology of the region. Chief of these specimens 
are velvet malachites that were taken from the original ““Queen”’ mine, 
