M \ I I HI \I. CULTURE 



:;i 



When first discovered, the Mandan, Eiidatsa, and 

 Arikara had villages on the Missouri, in what is now 

 North Dakota, hut they have never been credited with 

 canoes. For crossing the river, they used the bull- 

 boat, a tub-shaped affair made by stretching buffalo 

 skins over a wooden frame; but journeys up and down 



Fig. 6. Assiniboine Dog Travois. 



the bank were made on foot. Many of the Santee- 

 Dakota used small canoes in gathering wild rice in the 

 small lakes of Minnesota, though the Teton-Dakota 

 have not been credited with the practice. It seems 

 probable that the ease of travel in the open plains and 

 the fact that the buffalo were often to be found inland, 

 made the use of canoes impractical, whereas along the 



