7G INDIANS OF THE PLAINS. 



to be found in the Hidatsa collection, especially hoes 

 made from the shoulder blades of buffalo. The latter 

 have been reported from the Pawnee, Arikara, and 

 Mandan. 



Pipes. The Santee-Dakota have long been famous 

 for the manufacture of pipes from catlinite or red pipe- 

 stone which even in prehistoric times seems to have 

 been distributed by trade. Some pipes in the Museum 

 were collected in 1840 and are of the types described 

 by Catlin and other early writers. Many of the 

 village tribes used pottery pipes. Among the Assini- 

 boine, Gros Ventre, and Blackfoot, a black stone was 

 used for a Woodland type of pipe. In the Plateaus, 

 the pipes were smaller than elsewhere and usually 

 made from steatite. The Hidatsa and Mandan used 

 a curiously shaped pipe, as may be seen from the 

 collection. It is much like the Arapaho sacred tribal 

 flat pipe. Occasionally, a straight tubular pipe was 

 used. Among the Cheyenne in particular, this was a 

 bone reinforced with sinew. Also, it seems to have 

 been generally known to the Kiowa and Arapaho. 

 Among the Blackfoot and Dakota, it is usually a simple 

 stone tube with a stem. The form is everywhere 

 exceptional and usually ceremonial. 



The large medicine-pipe, or ceremonial, of the Black- 

 foot Indians, conspicuously displayed in the hall is 

 scarcely to be considered under this head (see p. 104), 

 as also the curious pipe-like wands of the Dakota, the 

 Omaha (Demuth collection), and Pawnee. 



Tobacco was raised (p. 29) by a few tribes. This 



