ORIGINS. L39 



including the Yuma, Mohave, and Pima of the South- 

 west, the Iroquois and most Algonkin of the Woodland 

 Area. As to head form, the moderately long head of 

 the Plains does not hold for the Osage and Wichita of 

 the south and the Nez Perce of the northwest, but 

 extends over into the Plateau area on the west and into 

 the Woodland area of the east. Hence, in a general 

 way, the tall, somewhat long-headed tribes seem to 

 extend eastward into the Woodlands through Indiana, 

 Ohio, and New York. Possibly this represents the 

 influence of some older parent group whose blood 

 gradually worked its w r ay along through many lan- 

 guages and several varieties of culture. On the other 

 hand, the shorter, less long-headed tribes were massed 

 around the Plains in the Southwest, the Plateaus, and 

 part of the Woodlands almost engulfing the taller 

 group. Now, while it seems clear that migrations of 

 blood are in evidence, there is, as yet, no satisfactory 

 means of determining the point of origin and the 

 direction of movement for these types. Turning from 

 physical type to language, we have several large masses 

 impinging upon the Plains and while it seems most 

 likely that the parent speech for each stock arose 

 somewhere outside the Plains, w r e are not yet clear as 

 to the impossibility of their arising in the Plains and 

 spreading to other cultures. It does not seem probable 

 that all of them would arise within this small area, but, 

 on the other hand, it is impossible to give satisfactory 

 proof for any particular tribe. Thus, language gives 

 us but a presumption in favor of migrations into the 



