THE SKULL AS A WHOLE 79 
process of the premaxilla; it is closed in the fresh state by a process of the cartilage 
of the septum nasi. Scattered along each side of the palate are several accessory 
foramina. The transverse palatine suture (Sutura palatina transversa) is about 
half an inch from the posterior border. The latter is opposite to the fifth cheek 
tooth in the adult, and is concave and free. 
The nuchal or occipital surface (Norma occipitalis) is formed by the occipital 
Nuchal crest 
Coronoid 
process 
Zygomatic arch 
Glenoid cavity 
Condyle of 
mandible 
Neck of mandible 
Angle of mandible 
Fie. 51.—SxKut or Horse; Posterior View. THe Hrorp Bons Has Been REMOVED. 
1, External occipital protuberance; 2, curved line; 3, foramen magnum; 4, occipital condyle; 5, paramastoid 
process; 6, basilar part of occipital; 7, mastoid foramen; 8, mastoid process; 9, postglenoid process; 10, muscular 
process of petrous temporal; 11, alar canal; 12, pterygoid process of sphenoid; 13, body of sphenoid; 14, vomer; 15, 
15’, perpendicular and horizontal parts of palatine bone; 16, 16, posterior nares or choan#; 17, hamulus of pterygoid 
bone; 18, maxillary tuberosity; 19, palatine process of maxilla; 20, palatine process of premaxilla; 21, palatine fissure; 
22, accessory palatine foramina; 23, body of mandible; 24, mandibular foramen. 
bone. It is trapezoidal in outline, wider below than above, concave dorso-ventrally, 
convex transversely. It is separated from the dorsal surface by the nuchal crest. 
Below the crest are two rough areas for that attachment of the complexus muscles. 
A little lower is a central eminence, the external occipital protuberance, on which the 
ligamentum nuche is attached. At the lowest part centrally is the foramen mag- 
num. This is bounded laterally by the occipital condyle, lateral to which is the 
paramastoid process. 
