130 SKELETON OF THE OX 
vertebral fibro-cartilages) of the vertebral regions of a shorthorn cow of 
medium size: 
Gervieallit 2. ccc meesniee ee ots ates SRT ONE 50 em. 
Thoracic ... . : ToL eee. . SO em. 
Lumbar . . mie fee ne . 40 em. 
Sacral. .. eae : ; . 25 em. 
Coccygeal .. . Aer ; : F ae 5 75cm 
270 em. 
Variations.—Sometimes fourteen thoracic vertebrae and fourteen pairs of ribs are present; 
reduction to twelve with the normal number 
of lumbar vertebree is very rare. According to 
Neck Tubercle Beane i atenan 
é ranck there are sometimes seven lumbar verte- 
bre with the normal number in the thoracic 
region. The number of coccygeal vertebre may 
vary from sixteen to twenty-one. | 
Costal } 
groove THE RIBS | 
Thirteen pairs of ribs are present 
normally, of which eight are sternal and 
five asternal. They are in generallonger, 
wider, flatter, less curved, and less regular 
in form than in the horse. The eighth, — 
ninth, and tenth are the longest and 
widest. The width of most of the ribs 
increases considerably in the middle, and 
; te Tubercle 
Anterior border. __ ie 
. ry. A 
he 
3 Head | 
/ ’ 
} ¢ 
fF. 
[ i: Neck | 
Anterior border 
Sternal end 
Cartilage 
Sternal end 
Fis. 127.—Ricur Eicura Ris or Ox; MepiaAu View. Fra. 128.—First Rrp or Ox; MepIAL View. 4| 
the breadth of the intercostal spaces is correspondingly diminished; this is not the 
case in the posterior part of the series, where the intercostal spaces are very wide. 
ANATOMY 4 
