136 SKELETON OF THE OX 
length of the skull, and all of the roof of the cranium. The posterior borders 
form with the parietals a large central frontal eminence (Torus frontalis), the 
highest point of the skull. At the junction of the posterior and the lateral border 
is the processus cornus or “horn core,” for the support of the horn. These proc- 
Fic. 134.—SKULL oF Ox, WITHOUT MANDIBLE; VENTRAL VIEW. 
1, Foramen magnum; 2, occipital condyle; 3, paramastoid process; 4, condyloid foramen; 5, foramen lacerum; 
6, basilar part of occipital bone; 7, 7’, basilar tubercles; 8, bulla ossea; 9, foramen ovale (concealed by muscular proe- 
ess); 10, meatus acusticus externus; 11, zygomatic process of temporal bone, 12, condyle of same; 13, external opening 
of temporal canal; 14, processus cornus; 15, muscular process of temporal bone; 16, pterygoid crest; 17, orbital open- 
ing of supraorbital canal; 18, choane or posterior nares; 19, hamulus of pterygoid bone; 20, crest formed by pterygoid 
processes of sphenoid and palatine bones; 21, horizontal part of palatine bone; 22, anterior palatine foramen; 23, 
24 palatine process of maxilla; 26, zygomatic process of malar bone; 27+ 
maxillary tuberosity; 
28, body of premaxilla; 29, palatine process of same; 30, palatine fissure; 31, incisive fissure; 32, 
lacrimal bulla; 
facial tuberosit 
premolars; 33, molars. 
esses are of elongated conical form, and vary greatly in size, length, curvature, 
and direction. The external surface is rough and porous, marked by numerous 
grooves and foramina; in the fresh state it is covered by the corium of the horn. 
The base has a constriction, the neck. The interior is excavated to form a number 
of irregular spaces, partially divided by bony septa, and communicating with the 
