140 SKELETON OF THE OX 
six alveoli for the lower cheek teeth; the first is quite small, and they increase in 
size from before backward. The vertical part is much smaller than in the horse 
and its posterior border is relatively thin below, concave and wider above. The 
mandibular foramen is about in the middle of its medial surface, and a groove for 
Coronoid process 
Condyle 
Incisor teeth Cheek teeth 
Symphyseal surface 
Fie. 136.—Ricur Hair or MANDIBLE OF Ox; MEDIAL VIEW. 
1, Mandibular foramen; 2, groove for lingual nerve. 
the lingual nerve curves downward and forward from it. The condyle projects 
medially further than in the horse, and is concave from side to side. The coronoid 
process is extensive and curves backward. 
The hyoid bone has a short tuberous lingual process. The middle cornua 
are almost as large as the small cornua. 
The great cornua are narrow, except 
at the ends. The upper end divides 
into two branches, which correspond 
to the two angles of that of the horse. 
The thyroid cornua do not fuse with 
the body except in old age. 
SKULL OF THE OX AS A WHOLE 
The skull of the ox is more clearly 
pyramidal than that of the horse, and 
is shorter and relatively wider. The 
cranium is quadrangular and larger 
externally than in the horse; its large 
size is due mainly to the great extent 
of the frontal sinuses and does not 
affect the cranial cavity, which is 
smaller than in the horse. 
Fic. 137.—Hyor Bone or Ox. 
a, Body; 6, lingual process; c, thyroid cornu and cartil- O aNe 
age, c’; d, small cornu; e, middle cornu; f, great cornu; g, The frontal surface (Fig. 133) 1s 
muscular angle. (Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Haustiere.) formed by the frontals, nasals, and 
premaxille. The frontal part is 
quadrilateral and very extensive, the greatest width being at the orbits. It 
presents a central depression on its anterior part, and on either side are the 
supraorbital grooves and foramina. Behind is the median frontal eminence, 
