186 SKELETON OF THE DOG 
crest into two fossew. The transverse processes are single, pointed, directed back- 
ward and outward, and perforated by relatively large foramina transversaria. The 
spinous process is thin and of moderate 
height, but very long; it is prolonged for- 
ward so as to overhang the dorsal arch of 
the atlas, and is terminated behind by a 
tuberosity which is connected by two 
crests with the posterior articular proe- 
esses. The anterior notches are large 
and are never converted into foramina. 
Fie. 202.—SrventH CERVICAL VERTEBRA OF Dog; Fig. 203.—Arias oF Doc; Dorsat Virw. 
Posterior Vipw. 1, Dorsal arch; 2, 2, posterior articular cavities; 3, 
1, Body; 2, costal facet; 3, transverse process; ventral tubercle; 4, 4’ intervertebral foramina; 5, 5’, wings; 
: Ce : ne ard : - 1 
4, notch; 5, 5’, articular processes; 6, spinous process. 6, 6’, alar notches; 7, 7’, foramina transversaria. 
The bodies of the thirteen thoracic vertebrae are wide and compressed dorso- 
ventrally, especially at each end of the region. Their con- 
vex anterior surfaces are depressed in the middle. The 
posterior facets for the heads of the ribs are absent on the 
last three orfour. The transverse processes resemble those 
of the horse. They bear mammillary processes except at 
the anterior end of the region. The facets for the tubercles 
of the ribs are large and concave in the anterior part of the 
series, and become smaller and slightly convex further back. 
6 
5 
. | 
i 
9 
) | 
i 
4 
Fie. 204.—Axts or Doge; Lerr Latrerar View. Fic. 205.—Fourra Txoracie | _ 
1, Dens; 2, anterior articular process; 3, posterior end of body; 4, arch; 5, pos- Vertesra OF Doc; Lert | — 
terior notch; 6, transverse process; 7, intervertebral foramen; 8, posterior articular Vinw. 
process; 9, spinous process. 1, Body; 2, 2’, costal facets f 
of body; 3, posterior notch; | 
4, 4’, articular processes; 5, 
transverse process; 6, facet for \ 
tubercle of rib; 7, mammillary |_ 
process; 8, spinous process. : 
