FACE 191 
ject back from the roots of the orbital wings. The latter are relatively small and 
are crossed laterally by a crest, which is continued forward upon the palatine bone. 
The temporal wings are extensive and articulate dorsally with the parietals. Per- 
forating the roots of the wings are the following foramina, named from before back- 
ward: The optic passes through the orbital wing. The foramen orbitale is a little 
lower and is at the junction of the wings. The foramen rotundum opens into the 
alar canal, which passes through the root of the short but wide pterygoid process. 
The foramen ovale is near the posterior border of the temporal wing. There is no 
sphenoidal sinus. 
The ethmoid bone is highly developed. The cribriform plate is extensive, 
and the olfactory fossze are very deep. The crista galli is little developed, and often 
incomplete. The perpendicular plate is long. The lateral masses are greatly 
developed and project into the frontal sinus. There are four large endoturbinates 
Fic. 210.—Crantat AnD OrnpitTat Recions oF Skutt or Doc. Tue Zycomatic Arca Has BEEN Sawn OFF. 
A, Occipital bone; B, interparietal bone; C, parietal bone; D, squamous temporal bone; E, EZ’, temporal and 
orbital parts of frontal bone; F, F’, orbital and temporal wings of sphenoid bone; G, perpendicular part of palatine bone; 
H, pterygoid bone; I, lacrimal bone; J, maxilla; 1, parietal crest; 2, nuchal crest; 3, occipital condyle; 4, paramastoid 
process; 5, stylo-mastoid foramen; 6, bulla ossea; 7, meatus acusticus externus; 8, articular surface for condyle of 
mandible; 9, section of root of zygomatic process of temporal bone; 10, alar canal; 11, foramen orbitale; 12, optic 
foramen; 13, ethmoidal foramen; 14, posterior palatine foramen; 15, sphenopalatine foramen; 16, entrance to lacrimal 
canal; 17, supraorbital process; 18, zygomatic process of malar bone (section); 19, maxillary foramen; 20, last molar 
tooth. 
and six ectoturbinates. The lamina lateralis is extensive and forms the medial wall 
of the maxillary sinus. Its ventral border joins the palatine process of the maxilla 
and the horizontal part of the palate bone. A shelf-like plate extends inward from 
its lower part and concurs with the similarly incurved part of the palatine bone in 
forming the lamina transversalis, which divides the olfactory fundus of the nasal 
cavity from the naso-pharyngeal meatus. 
FACE 
The maxilla is short, but very high posteriorly. The facial crest is absent. 
The infraorbital foramen is over the alveolus for the third premolar. The frontal 
process fits into a deep notch between the nasal and orbital parts of the frontal 
bone, and the middle part of the posterior border lies along the orbital margin. 
There are more or less pronounced ridges, juga alveolaria, over the canine and 
molar teeth. The zygomatic process is short and thin; it is completely overlapped 
laterally by the malar, and is perforated by a number of foramina (Foramina 
