TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINTS—HOCK JOINT 251 
which blend with the collateral femoro-tibial ligaments. The cavity is continuous 
below with that of the femoro-tibial joint. A sagittal synovial fold (rudimentum 
septi) extends up a short distance from the anterior cruciate ligament. The supra- 
patellar pouch extends an inch or more (ca. 2-3 em.) above the trochlea; from this 
a pouch extends up beneath the quadriceps femoris almost an inch and communi- 
cates through a large round opening with the joint cavity. There is a strong 
ligamentum patelle, which has a bursa under its distal part. The tendon of the 
biceps femoris takes the place of the lateral patellar igament. A small ligamentum 
transversum connects the anterior faces of the menisci. 
Dog.—The joint in general resembles that of the pig. The posterior part of 
the capsule contains two sesamoid bones, which are imbedded in the origin of the 
gastrocnemius. 
TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINTS 
Ox.—The proximal end of the fibula fuses with the lateral condyle of the 
tibia. The distal end remains separate, and forms an arthrosis with the distal end 
of the tibia; the movement here is imperceptible, as the two bones are closely 
united by strong peripheral fibers. 
Pig.—The proximal joint is provided with a capsule which is reinforced in 
front and behind by fibrous tissue. The interosseous ligament attaches the shaft 
of the fibula to the lateral border of the tibia. The distal jot is included in the 
capsule of the hock joimt, and is strengthened by dorsal and plantar ligaments 
(Lig. malleoli lateralis dorsalis, plantaris), which extend almost transversely from 
one bone to the other. There is also an interosseous ligament. 
Dog.—The arrangement is essentially the same as in the pig, but there is no 
interosseous ligament in the distal joint. Not uncommonly the distal part of the 
shaft of the fibula and tibia are ankylosed. 
HOCK JOINT 
Ox.—There is very considerable mobility at the proximal intertarsal joint, the 
capsule of which is correspondingly roomy. The short lateral ligament is attached 
distally on the tibial tarsal only. A strong transverse ligament attaches the lateral 
malleolus (distal end of the fibula) to the back of the tibial tarsal bone. The dorsal 
ligament is narrow and thin. 
Pig.—The arrangement in general resembles that of the ox. The medial liga- 
ment consists of a thin superficial part which extends almost vertically from malleo- 
lus to metatarsus, and a very strong deep part, which runs from the malleolus back- 
ward and downward to the sustentaculum and tibial tarsal. The lateral ligament 
also consists of two parts. The small superficial part extends from the malleolus 
down to the lateral face of the body of the fibular tarsal bone. The stronger deep 
part arises from the anterior part of the malleolus, passes cheifly backward, widens, 
and ends on a ridge on the lateral surface of the fibular tarsal. A strong band ex- 
tends from the lateral face of the medial malleolus to a depression on the medial 
surface of the proximal part of the tibial tarsal bone. An oblique dorsal band con- 
nects the central and fourth tarsal bones. 
Dog.—The long collateral ligaments are very small, and the short ones double. 
The plantar ligament is weak, and ends on the fourth metacarpal bone. No dis- 
tinct dorsal ligament is present, unless we regard as such a ligament which extends 
from the neck of the tibial tarsal to the fourth tarsal and third metatarsal bones. 
The remaining joints resemble those of the thoracic limb. 
