354 THE MUSCLES OF THE OX 
The deep digital flexor has the same heads as in the horse, the humeral head, 
as before mentioned, being connected with the deep part of the superficial flexor. 
The tendon, which is not reinforced by a check ligament as in the horse, divides 
near the distal end of the metacarpus into two branches which are inserted into the 
volar surfaces of the third phalanges. 
The synovial sheaths at the carpus present the following special features: 
One is found in connection with the tendon of the superficial part of the superficial 
flexor of the digits. There is a common sheath for the tendons of the common ex- 
tensor and the medial extensor. 
Bursze may occur under the tendons of the proper extensors of the digits at the 
fetlock; they are constant only in old animals (Schmidtchen). The branches of 
the tendon of the common extensor are provided with synovial sheaths from their 
origin to the middle of the second phalanx. There are two digital synovial sheaths 
for the flexor tendons; they may communicate at their upper part, and they ex- 
tend from the distal third of the metacarpus nearly to the distal sesamoids. Burs 
occur between the latter and the branches of the deep flexor tendon. 
A feeble pronator teres is present on the medial surface of the elbow along the 
medial collateral ligament. 
The fascia on the volar face of the metacarpus and digit is very thick. It is 
continuous above with the ligamentum carpi transversum, and is attached on either 
side to the metacarpal bone. At the fetlock it forms the fibrous basis for the small 
claws, and below this it detaches two strong bands which diverge to be inserted into 
the second and third phalanges, blending with the collateral hgaments. 
The lumbricales are absent, unless we regard as such the muscular bundles 
which arise on the deep flexor and are inserted into the superficial flexor tendon at 
the carpus. 
The interosseus medius, or suspensory ligament, is somewhat more muscular 
than in the horse; indeed, in the young subject it may be almost entirely fleshy. 
Its arrangement is somewhat complex. Single at its origin, it detaches about the 
middle of the metacarpus a band which joins the tendon of the superficial flexor 
and concurs near the fetlock in the formation of the ring for the deep flexor tendon.! 
A little lower down it divides into three and then into five branches. The abaxial 
branches (two pairs) are attached to the corresponding sesamoids and tendons of 
the proper extensors, while the middle branch passes through the sulcus at the distal 
end of the metacarpus and bifurcates, each division fusing with the tendon of the 
corresponding proper extensor. 
THE MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC LIMB 
I. THE SUBLUMBAR MUSCLES 
The psoas minor begins at the dise between the twelfth and thirteenth thoracie 
vertebrie. 
The psoas major has a fleshy origin on the posterior border of the last rib, and 
a thin tendon attached to the twelfth rib; it is relatively narrower than in the horse | 
and does not entirely cover the quadratus lumborum. 
The iliacus begins under the body of the sixth lumbar vertebra, and is more 
closely united with the psoas major than in the horse. 
The quadratus lumborum extends as far forward as the body of the tenth or 
eleventh thoracic vertebra. It is wider than in the horse and extends beyond the 
lateral border of the psoas major. 
1 Lesbre regards this band as the subearpal check ligament, which on this basis is blended 
with the suspensory ligament above. 
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