THE MOUTH 389 
breathing does not occur under normal conditions, and that in vomiting the ejected 
matter escapes usually through the nasal cavity.? 
Structure.—The soft palate consists of: (1) The oral mucous membrane, 
continuous with that of the hard palate, which it resembles; it covers also a narrow 
marginal area of the pharyngeal surface along the free border; (2) the palatine 
glands (Glandule palatine), which form a layer about half an inch in thickness; 
(3) the aponeurotic and muscular layer; (4) the pharyngeal mucous membrane, 
continuous with that of the nasal cavity, which it resembles. 
Septum nast Dorsal meatus 
Naso-lacrimal duct 
Dorsal turbinate 
, Common meatus 
Infraorbital nerve 
and vessels 
ee = Middle meatus 
Levator labii superi- 
oris proprius Ventral turbinate 
Ventral meatus 
Maxillary sinus 
(anterior end) 
Superior buccal Palatine artery 
nerve : 
Facial t Facial artery 
‘acial artery 
Buccal Mucous 
Superior buccal membrane 
us Buccinator 
Parotid duct ; f 
Hypoglossal 
nerve 
Lingual artery 
Buccinator nerve 
Labial veins Branches of lingual nerve 
Inferior labial artery 
J Mandibular duct 
Mylo-hyoideus ee eee 
Sublingual gland 
Digastricus Sublingual artery 
Fic. 330.—Cross-secrion oF Heap oF Horse aT ANTERIOR Env oF Facrat CREST. 
1, Cavity of dorsal turbinate; 2, cavity of ventral turbinate; 3, cavum oris; 4, 4, genio-glos 
~ 
hyo-glossus; 7, upper, 7’, lower, fourth cheek tooth. Line to facial artery crosse: 
5, 5, genio-hyoidei; 6, 
ygomaticus. 
The muscles proper to the soft palate are the palatinus, the levator palati, 
and the tensor palati. 
The palatinus (M. palatinus) consists of two small muscular bundles which 
lie together at.the median line. It is attached through the medium of the palatine 
aponeurosis to the palatine bones, and terminates near the free edge of the soft 
palate. Usually a bundle from it is continued a short distance into the posterior 
pillar. Its action is to shorten the soft palate. 
The levator palati (M. levator veli palatini) arises from the muscular process 
1 The epiglottis may be either in front of or behind the soft palate; most often it is in front 
(prevelar), as shown in Fig. 349. 
