THE CCUM 423 
somewhat like a comma. It is situated chiefly to the right of the median plane, 
extending from the right iliac and sublumbar regions to the abdominal floor behind 
the xiphoid cartilage. Both extremities are blind, and the two orifices are placed 
close together on the concave curvature. It presents for description a base, a body, 
and an apex. The base (Basis cecis. Saccus cecus) extends forward on the right 
side as far as the fourteenth or fifteenth rib, about a handbreadth below its middle, 
and backward to the tuber coxe.! It is strongly curved, the greater curvature 
being dorsal, the lesser ventral; connected with the latter are the termination of 
the ileum and the origin of the colon. The rounded blind end is directed ventrally. 
The body (Corpus cxeci) extends downward and forward from the base and rests 
largely on the ventral wall of the abdomen. Its lesser curvature is about parallel 
Fic. 362.—C =cum or Horse; Lerr View. 
B.c¢., Base; C.c., body; A.c., apex; J, ileum; 1, 2, longitudinal bands; 3, ileo-cwcal fold. The cxcal vessels and 
lymph glands have been removed to expose the medial band (1). 
with the costal arch and some five to six inches (10 to 15 em.) ventral to it. The 
apex (Apex cxci) lies on the abdominal floor, usually to the right of the median 
plane, and about a hand’s length behind the xiphoid cartilage. 
The right or parietal surface of the cecum is related chiefly to the right ab- 
dominal wall, the diaphragm, duodenum, and liver. The left or visceral surface lies 
against the left and terminal parts of the colon, the root of the great mesentery, 
and the small intestine. 
The base is attached dorsally by connective tissue and peritoneum on the 
ventral surface of the pancreas and right kidney, and a small area of the abdominal 
wall behind these; it is attached medially to the terminal part of the great colon, 
and ventrally to the origin of the great colon. The body is attached dorso-laterally 
1The forward extent of the base of the cecum is subject to some variation. It may be 
noted that the blind end is not the most anterior part. 
