Cavily of dorsal turbinate 
Cavities of ventral turbinate 
452 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF THE OX 
THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY 
The abdominal cavity of the ox is very capacious, both absolutely and rela- 
tively, as compared with that of the horse. This is due to several factors. The 
lumbar part of the spine is about one-fourth longer than that of the horse. The 
transverse diameter between the last ribs is greater. The costal attachment of the 
diaphragm is almost vertical in direction from the ventral part of the ninth rib to 
Frontal sinus 
Cavity of great ethmoturbinate 
Mylo-hyoideus 
muscle 
Fic. 386.—Saaitrau Section oF Heap or Cow, Cur a LitrLe To THE RIGHT OF THE MEDIAN PLANE. 
1, Cerebral hemisphere; 2, corpus striatum; 3, hippocampus; 4, olfactory bulb; 5, corpora quadrigemina; 6, 
optic nerve; 7, pons; 8, medulla oblongata; 9, spinal cord; 10, pituitary body; 11, sphenoidal sinus; 12, lateral mass 
of ethmoid; 13, ventral straight muscles; 1/4, suprapharyngeal lymph gland; 15, longus colli; 16, soft palate; 17, 
vallate papille; 18, tonsillar sinus; 79, conical papille of cheek; 20, hyo-epiglotticus muscle; 2/, epiglottis; 22, hyo- 
glossus muscle; C1, C2, atlas, axis. Subject was hardened with mouth open. 
the dorsal end of the thirteenth. Thus the abdomen is increased at the expense 
of the thorax, and the last three or four ribs enter more largely into the formation 
of the abdominal wall than in the horse. The flank is also much more extensive. 
The ilia, on the other hand, do not extend forward beyond a transverse plane 
through the middle of the last lumbar vertebra. The epigastric and mesogastri¢ 
regions would be separated by a plane through the ventral end of the tenth pair of 
