482 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF THE PIG 
The parotid gland is large and distinctly triangular. It extends very little on 
to the masseter muscle, and its upper angle does not quite reach the base of the ear, 
It is pale in color, and is embedded in fat in animals in good condition. On its deep 
face are several large subparotid lymph glands, some of which are only partially 
covered by the parotid. The parotid duct arises on the deep face, has a course 
similar to that of the ox, and perforates the cheek opposite the fourth or fifth upper 
cheek tooth. Small accessory parotid glands (Glandule parotidexe accessorize) may 
be found along the course of the duct. 
The mandibular or submaxillary gland is small, reddish in color, and oval in 
outline; it is covered by the parotid. Its superficial face is convex, and is marked by 
rounded prominences. From its deep face a narrow process extends forward about 
two or three inches (ca. 5 to 7.5 em.) beneath the mylo-hyoideus muscle along with 
the duct. The latter opens near the frenum lingue, but there is no papilla. 
The sublingual gland has an arrangement similar to that of the ox. The pos- 
terior part (Glandula sublingualis grandicanalaris) is reddish-yellow in color, and 
is about two inches (ca. 5 em.) long and half an inch wide; its posterior end is in 
relation to the mandibular gland and its duct. The anterior part (Gl. sublingu- 
alis parvicanalaris) is much larger, being two or three inches (ca. 5 to 7 em.) long 
and about twice the width and thickness of the posterior part. All or most of the 
ducts from the posterior part unite to form the ductus sublingualis major, which 
opens near the ductus mandibularis. Eight or ten ductus sublinguales minores 
convey the secretion from the anterior part through the floor of the mouth. 
Fic. 417.—SaGitTaL SECTION OF PHARYNGEAL REGION OF Pic, PARTLY SCHEMATIC. 
1, Palatine bone; 2, sphenoid bone; 2’, sphenoidal sinus; 2’, occipital bone; 3, epiglottis; 4, arytenoid cartilage; 
4, thyroid cartilage; 6, root of tongue; 7, mouth cavity; 8, isthmus faucium; 9, hard palate; 10, septum nasi; 11, 
ventral muscles of head; a, soft palate; a’, free edge of a; 6, dorsal wall of pharynx; c, fornix of pharynx; d, cavity of 
larynx; e, g, naso-pharynx; f, oro-pharynx; /, posterior pillar of soft palate; 7, dotted line indicating lateral boundary 
between nasal cavity and pharynx; k, aditus laryngis; /, aditus esophagi; m, Eustachian orifice; n, pharyngeal recess; 
o, posterior naris. (After Ellenberger, in Leisering’s Atlas.) 
THE PHARYNX 
The pharynx presents in its posterior part a median cul-de-sac about an inch 
and a half (ca. 3 to 4 em.) long, which is situated between the ventral straight 
muscles of the head and the origin of the cesophagus; this is termed the diverticu- 
lum pharyngeum. Its ventral margin is formed by the junction of the posterior 
pillars of the soft palate, which contain muscular tissue derived from the palatinus 
and palato-pharyngeus. The fornix of the pharynx is divided by a median fold of 
mucous membrane which is a direct continuation of the septum nasi. On either 
side of this is an infundibulum in which the Eustachian tube opens. 
