‘THE (ESOPHAGUS—THE STOMACH 483 
THE (ESOPHAGUS 
The cesophagus is short and nearly straight. It has (according to Rubeli) a 
potential caliber in the adult of nearly 3 inches (ca. 7 cm.) at either end, and about 
1,5 inches (ea. 4.2 em.) in its middle part... The muscular coat is striated, except 
near the cardia, where the deep part is unstriped. There are numerous tubulo- 
alveolar glands in the anterior half of the tube; further back they occur in decreas- 
ing numbers. Many lymph nodules and much lymphoid tissue are present. 
THE STOMACH 
The stomach is large; its average capacity is about 11% to 2 gallons (ca. 
5.7 to 8 liters). When full, its long axis is transverse and its greater curvature 
extends backward on the floor of the abdomen a little further than a point midway 
Diverti- 
culum 
Diverti- @sophagus 
culum 
(Esopha- 
gus Lesser 
Lesser curvature 
curvature 
Duode- 
num 
Pylorus Pylorus 
Fie. 418.—Stromacn or Pic; ParreTat SURFACE. Fic. 419.—Stomacu or Pic; VisceraL SURFACE. 
The organ contained a rather small amount of ingesta Organ was fixed in situ and is somewhat contracted. 
and hence is somewhat contracted. 
between the xiphoid cartilage and the umbilicus. The left part is large and rounded, 
while the right part (Pars pylorica) is small, and bends sharply upward to join the 
small intestine. The parietal surface faces chiefly forward, and is related to the 
liver and diaphragm. The visceral surface faces chiefly backward, and is related 
to the intestine, greater omentum, mesentery, and pancreas. The greater cur- 
vature is related to the diaphragm, spleen, liver, and abdominal floor. The 
pyloric end lies against the right lateral lobe of the liver, about opposite to the middle 
of the next to the last intercostal space. The left extremity is opposite to the last 
intercostal space or preceding rib, and is related to the dorsal end of the spleen and 
the left extremity of the pancreas; it presents a flattened conical blind pouch, the 
diverticulum ventriculi, the apex of which projects backward. The cesophagus 
joins the stomach very obliquely, almost in the median plane, and about three or 
four inches (ca. 8 to 10 cm.) ventral to the twelfth thoracic vertebra. The cardiac 
1 Tt is usually stated that the cardiac end is funnel-shaped, but it is not so in formalin-hardened 
‘cadavers nor in frozen sections. The hiatus cesophagus is a long slit in the right crus of the dia- 
phragm, and the terminal part of the esophagus, which lies in it, is flattened transversely. 
