498 
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF THE DOG 
The left extremity or fundus is large and rounded; it is the most dorsal part 
of the organ, and lies under the vertebral ends of the eleventh and twelfth ribs. 
Fig. 438.—Stomacu or Doc; ParteTaL SURFACE. 
Organ fixed in situ when well filled. 
or twelfth rib. 
(Esophagus 
The pyloric extremity is small 
and is directed forward and dor- 
sally; it lies usually opposite to 
the ventral part of the ninth 
or tenth intercostal space, and 
about an inch (ca. 2-3 em.) to 
the right of the median plane. 
It is related to the portal fissure 
of the liver and to the pancreas. 
The cardia is situated about two 
to three inches (ca. 5 to 7 em.) 
from the left extremity, and is 
oval; it lies just to the left of 
the median plane, ventral to the 
eleventh or twelfth thoracic ver- 
tebra. 
When empty, or nearly so, 
the stomach is separated from 
the ventral abdominal wall by 
the liver and intestine, and the 
greater curvature extends back 
on the left side to the eleventh 
In this state there is not rarely a marked constriction between the 
right and left parts. 
The preceding topographic statements are based on observations made on a considerable 
number of formalin-hardened subjects, and are to be regarded as average findings in dogs of 
Left extremity 
(Esophagus 
Lesser 
curvature Pylorus Bile duct 
\ 
Duodenum 
Greater — Attachment of 
curvature — greater omentum 
Fig. 439.—Stromacu or Doc; VisceRAL SURFACE. 
Organ fixed in situ when it contained small amount of ingesta. 
medium size. The cardiac and pyloric ends vary least in position, but the former. varies the 
length of one vertebra and the latter as much as two intercostal spaces. This variation appears | 
to be due, not only to the amount of ingesta in the stomach, but also to the phase in which the | 
diaphragm is fixed. 
