THE STOMACH 499 
The serous coat is almost complete. Along the curvatures it leaves the stom- 
ach to form the omenta. The longitudinal muscular fibers are chiefly along the 
curvatures and on the pyloric part; they are continuous with the external layer 
of the esophagus. The oblique fibers are arranged in two layers: the external layer 
is largely a continuation of the longitudinal fibers of the cesophagus to the body 
and fundus. The circular layer covers the whole stomach except the fundus, and 
forms a pyloric sphincter and an antral sphincter. The internal oblique layer is 
arranged as in the horse, and forms a similar loop-like, cardiac sphincter. Three 
regions of the mucous membrane exist. Cardiac glands are found in a very narrow 
pale zone around the cardiac opening, and also scattered along the lesser curva- 
Fia. 440.—Stomacu or Doc; Frontat Section 
1, Fundus gland region; 2, pyloric part; 3, lesser curvature; 4, cardia; 5, pylorus; 6, esophagus; 7, duodenum. 
ture. The fundus gland region has a thick, reddish-brown mucous membrane, 
which lines about two-thirds of the organ. The pyloric mucous membrane is 
thinner and pale; in the dead subject it is often stained by regurgitated bile. 
The greater omentum is very extensive, and in well-nourished subjects it con- 
tains much fat arranged in interlacing strands. Viewed ventrally it covers the 
entire intestinal mass, extending from the greater curvature of the stomach to the 
pelvic inlet. It is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach, the left part 
of the colon, the left branch of the pancreas, and the hilus of the spleen. 
The lesser omentum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the 
portal fissure; to reach the latter it passes in great part between the papillary and 
left lateral lobes of the liver. 
