THE PANCREAS 505 
The cesophageal notch is large, and is occupied on the right by the thick margin of 
the hiatus cesophagus. The remainder of the circumference is thin, and is cut into 
by deep fissures which separate the lobes. The ventral border lies on the abdominal 
wall, a variable distance behind the xiphoid cartilage. The left border is also 
variable, but usually extends back ventrally as far as the tenth intercostal space 
or eleventh rib. The right border corresponds more or less closely in direction 
with the costal arch; the end of the caudate process is ventral to the right kidney, 
opposite to, or a little behind, the last rib. 
The gall-bladder lies in the fossa vesicz felleze, between the two parts of the 
right central lobe; it does not reach to the 
ventral border of the liver. The cystic duct 
joins the hepatic duct at the ventral part of 
the portal fissure, forming with it the bile 
duct (Ductus choledochus); the latter passes 
to the right and opens into the duodenum, 
about two or three inches (ca. 5 to 8 em.) 
from the pylorus. 
Of the ligaments, the coronary and right 
Dorsal end 
Posterior 
border 
Gastric 
surface 
Dorsal end 
Hilus 
Anterior 
border 
Ventral 
Ventral end end 
Fie, 447.—Spiern or Doc; Parrerau Fie. 448.—SpLeen or Doc; Visceral SurFACE. 
SuRFACE. 
Fig. 447 is from subject in which the stomach was full, while the organ shown in Fig. 448 was fixed in situ when the 
stomach contained little food. 
lateral are well developed, but the left lateral and falciform are small; a ligament 
extends from the caudate process to the right kidney. 
THE PANCREAS 
The pancreas is V-shaped, consisting of two long narrow branches, which 
meet at an acute angle behind the pylorus. The right branch extends backward 
above the first part of the duodenum, below the caudate lobe of the liver and the 
right kidney, and ends usually a short distance behind the latter; it is enclosed by the 
mesoduodenum. The left branch passes to the left and backward between the 
