RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE OX—THE NASAL CAVITY SRY 
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE OX 
THE NASAL CAVITY 
The nostrils (Fig. 379), situated on either side of the muzzle, are relatively 
small, and are much less dilatable than those of the horse. The al are thick and 
firm. The superior commissure is narrow. There is no diverticulum nasi. The 
skin is smooth, bare, and moist, and there is no clear line of demarcation between 
it and the nasal mucosa. The opening of the naso-lacrimal duct is not visible, as 
Frontal eminence 
Great ethmo-turbinate 
Dorsal turbinate 
Dorsalmeatus 
Middle meatus 
Ventral 
turbinate 
Ventral 
Hyoid bone 
2 SEES ae 
“8 . \ 
5 Genio- Mylo-hy- Genio- : 3 
alls ANE glossus oideus hyoideus Thyrovd cartilage 
Fic. 476.—Sacirrat Section or Heap or Cow. 
1, Cerebral hemisphere; 2, lateral ventricle; 3, thalamus, 4, corpora quadrigemina; 4, optic chiasma; 6, pituitary 
body; 7, pons; 8, medulla oblongata; 9, cerebellum; 10, spinal cord; 11, ventral straight muscles; 12, pharyngeal 
lymph gland; 13, arytenoid cartilage; 14, epiglottis; 15, cricoid cartilage; 16, vocal cord; 17, palatine sinus; 18, soft 
palate; 19, Eustachian opening; C1, C2, C3, first, second, and third cervical vertebre; B.o., basioccipital; Sp., pre- 
sphenoid. 
it is on the lateral wall of the nostril, and is concealed by the cartilaginous pro- 
longation of the ventral turbinate. There are two parietal cartilages on either 
side, united by fibrous tissue. The dorsal cartilages are thin laminze which curve 
ventro-laterally from the dorsal margin of the septal cartilage; they are prolonga- 
tions of the nasal bones, and carry the alar cartilages on their anterior extremities. 
The ventral pair are lateral continuations of the basal lamellz of the ventral tur- 
binates. They lie along the nasal processes of the premaxille; anteriorly they 
become thicker, turn a little upward, and each blends with the cartilaginous pro- 
longation of the upper coil of the ventral turbinate. The alar cartilages are of 
