538 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE OX 
The lamina is oblong, and curves ventro-laterally from the anterior 
peculiar form. 
The cornu 
extremity of the dorsal parietal cartilage, with which it is connected. 
springs from the lateral part of the lamina and curves dorso-laterally into the outer 
wing of the nostril; it carries on its extremity a small transverse bar, thus having 
some resemblance to the fluke of an anchor. 
The nasal cavity is short, wide anteriorly, narrow behind. 
pletely divided by the septum, which in its posterior third is separated from the 
floor of the cavity by an interval that increases from before backward (Figs. 140, 
141). The middle meatus is very narrow, and divides posteriorly into two branches; 
the upper division leads to the ethmoidal meatuses, and communicates with the 
frontal sinus and the cavity of the dorsal turbinate. Anterior to the division are 
communications with the upper cavity of the ventral turbinate and the maxillary 
The main facts in regard to the sinuses were stated in the Osteology. 
It is not com- 
sinus. 
THE LARYNX 
The larynx is more compact than in the horse, and presents numerous differ- 
ential features. The cricoid cartilage is compressed laterally. The lamina is not 
distinctly marked off from the arch; it slopes downward and backward and has a 
Arytenoid Processus Lamina. of 
thes : ami f Lateral lobe 
cartilage muscularis cricoid cartilage . as 
‘ 9 of thyroid 
Epiglottis 
rs : 
Thyroid Laryngeal Arch of cricoid Isthmus of 
cartilage prominence cartilage thyroid 
I'iG, 477,—CartiLaces oF LARYNX AND ParT OF TRACHEA OF OX; LEFT? VIEW. 
Outline of thyroid gland indicated by dotted line. 
1, Anterior cornu of thyroid cartilage; 2, thyroid foramen; 3, ligament converting notch into foramen; 4, posterior 
cornu of thyroid cartilage; 5, capsule of thyro-arytenoid joint. 
large median ridge. The thyroid cartilage is complete ventrally, 7. e., the lamin 
are united to form along plate which is notched in front and behind; the laryngeal 
prominence is small and is situated posteriorly. The height and thickness of the 
cartilage increase from before backward. The posterior cornua are curved and are 
about an inch long; they form syndesmoses with the cricoid cartilage. The short 
anterior cornua unite similarly with the hyoid bone; near them there is a foramen 
or a notch on each side for the passage of the anterior laryngeal nerve. The epi- 
glottis is short, oval in outline, and its apex is rounded; its base rests on the thyro- 
hyoid membrane, to which it is rather loosely attached. The cuneiform cartilages 
are absent. The arytenoid cartilages present only slight differences. The muscular 
